Learning without a brain—how bacteria store memories and remember the past like artificial neural networks
Learning is often thought to require a brain. But learning is a broad concept that does not necessarily depend on neurons.
Network analysis tools, as a technique, encompass computational and statistical methods used to construct, interrogate, and quantify properties of networks derived from empirical data, such as social, biological, communication, or technological systems. These tools implement algorithms for node and edge characterization (e.g., centrality, clustering, degree distributions), community and motif detection, path and flow analysis, and robustness or vulnerability assessment under perturbations. They frequently incorporate graph-theoretic measures, matrix-based and spectral methods, and often integrate visualization layers for exploratory analysis. In research workflows, network analysis tools enable hypothesis testing, model comparison, and the identification of structural or functional organization within complex systems.
Learning is often thought to require a brain. But learning is a broad concept that does not necessarily depend on neurons.
Cell & Microbiology
Sep 10, 2026
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133
Complexity may seem subjective, but a quantitative measure of the complexity of nanomaterials was recently developed by a team of researchers from the University of Michigan Engineering, the University of Southern California ...
Nanomaterials
May 21, 2026
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46
A leaf may appear to be one of the simplest structures in nature, thin, delicate and easily overlooked. At first glance, it seems far removed from the complex systems that scientists usually describe as networks. Yet, as ...
Like people, nonhuman primates live in groups that vary in size and shape depending on the species. Some primate groups are small and simple; others are large and more layered. Over the decades, primatologists have observed ...
Plants & Animals
May 5, 2026
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69
A network analysis of more than 26,000 dogs and their health conditions helps reveal which diseases tend to go together, providing data that veterinarians and researchers can use to help treat the problems that dogs face, ...
Molecular & Computational biology
Aug 14, 2025
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33
To study growth-defense trade-offs in the context of metabolism in crops, scientists from the Universities of Potsdam and Erlangen, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, and the National Institute of Biology, ...
Molecular & Computational biology
Aug 11, 2025
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18
Whenever we mull over what film to watch on Netflix, or deliberate between different products on an e-commerce platform, the gears of recommendation algorithms spin under the hood. These systems sort through sprawling datasets ...
Quantum Physics
Aug 4, 2025
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124
Do you think you know which species are most vulnerable in an ecosystem? A novel analytical method developed by Italian physicists at the Complexity Science Hub (CSH) suggests there's more to discover. In their recent study, ...
Ecology
Jul 10, 2025
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