Magnetic techniques encompass a broad class of experimental and analytical methods that exploit magnetic fields or magnetic properties of materials to probe, manipulate, or measure physical, chemical, or biological systems. These include measurements of magnetization and susceptibility (e.g., SQUID magnetometry, vibrating sample magnetometry), magnetic resonance–based methods (such as NMR, EPR/ESR, and MRI), and techniques relying on magnetic labeling or separation in bioassays and materials processing. They are used to characterize electronic and spin structures, phase transitions, nanoparticle behavior, and transport phenomena, as well as to enable targeted manipulation, imaging, or sorting of cells, molecules, and functional materials.
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