Lithium is a chemical element (atomic number 3) that plays distinct roles across multiple scientific topics, including materials science, electrochemistry, and psychiatry. In battery research, lithium’s low atomic mass, high electrochemical potential, and capacity for intercalation into host lattices underpin lithium-ion and solid-state energy storage technologies, where it governs energy density, cycle life, and safety characteristics. In neuropsychopharmacology, lithium salts are studied as mood-stabilizing agents, with research focusing on their modulation of intracellular signaling pathways, neuroprotective effects, and impacts on synaptic plasticity and circadian regulation, although precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely resolved.
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