The Jurassic is a geologic period of the Mesozoic Era spanning approximately 201.3 to 145 million years ago, bounded by the end-Triassic and end-Jurassic extinction events. It is subdivided into Early, Middle, and Late epochs, each characterized by distinct stratigraphic formations and faunal assemblages. The Jurassic is marked by high global sea levels, extensive shallow epicontinental seas, and active plate tectonics associated with the breakup of Pangea. Biostratigraphically, it is defined using index fossils such as ammonites, while chronostratigraphic frameworks integrate radiometric dating, magnetostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy to refine temporal resolution and global correlations.
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