Information and communication theory, as a research area, investigates the fundamental limits and principles governing the representation, transmission, processing, and storage of information in communication systems. It encompasses topics such as source and channel coding, rate–distortion theory, channel capacity, error-correcting codes, network information theory, and multi-user communication. The field develops mathematical models and performance bounds for noisy and noiseless channels, explores trade-offs among reliability, efficiency, latency, and complexity, and informs the design of practical communication protocols and coding schemes in digital communications, data networks, and distributed information-processing systems.
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