Immune evasion is a biological process by which pathogens, tumor cells, or other aberrant cells avoid detection, recognition, or elimination by the host immune system, thereby promoting persistence and proliferation. Mechanisms include antigenic variation, downregulation or loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, expression of immune checkpoint ligands (e.g., PD-L1), secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, induction of regulatory T cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and shielding of antigens within biofilms or physical barriers. This process critically influences infection chronicity, tumor progression, vaccine efficacy, and the outcome of host–pathogen or host–tumor coevolution.
Generally speaking, the higher the degree of information restoration of a vaccine to a virus, the greater its potential efficacy. The virus itself is the most authentic vaccine, such as the varicella-zoster virus, which provides ...
Bio & Medicine
Feb 21, 2024
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In drug delivery, the therapeutic behavior of the nanocarriers is limited by the "foreign" character of their surface. Despite the wide range of sophisticated coatings available, immune cells often identify these synthetic ...
Bio & Medicine
Jul 13, 2023
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A group led by Prof. Horacio Cabral, in collaboration with a group led by Prof. Kazuhiro Kakimi, discovered a new way to improve cancer immunotherapy. Their findings are published in a paper, titled "An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine ...
Bio & Medicine
Feb 7, 2023
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A group lead by Prof. Horacio Cabral (Visiting Scientist of iCONM/Associate Professor of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo) has discovered a new approach for the treatment of triple-negative ...
Bio & Medicine
Dec 6, 2022
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A team of researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has developed a nanotechnology platform that can change the way the immune system sees solid tumor cells, making them more receptive to immunotherapy. ...
Bio & Medicine
Nov 10, 2022
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Cancers in humans have all sorts of ways to survive and thrive: Cells and tumors alike engage in devious means to deflect, deceive, and evade detection by our bodies' immune systems.
Bio & Medicine
Jul 20, 2022
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155
As they grow, solid tumors surround themselves with a thick, hard-to-penetrate wall of molecular defenses. Getting drugs past that barricade is notoriously difficult. Now, scientists at UT Southwestern have developed nanoparticles ...
Bio & Medicine
Jun 23, 2022
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Scientists at the University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center were optimistic when they identified a small molecule that blocked a key pathway in brain tumors. But there was a problem: How to get the inhibitor through the ...
Bio & Medicine
May 26, 2022
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144
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have developed a novel strategy for identifying potent miniature antibodies, so-called nanobodies, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The approach led to the discovery of ...
Bio & Medicine
Mar 25, 2022
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A new approach to send 'friendly' nano-particles into a patient's blood stream has shown promising results by modifying the surface of these potential drug, vaccine or cancer treatment delivery objects to encourage the best ...
Bio & Medicine
Mar 10, 2022
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