Host specificity is the biological process by which a parasite, pathogen, symbiont, or herbivore exhibits a restricted range of host taxa that it can successfully infect, colonize, or utilize, determined by molecular recognition, physiological compatibility, and ecological interactions. It involves coevolutionary dynamics between host and associated organism, including receptor–ligand matching, immune evasion or suppression, metabolic dependence, and niche adaptation. Host specificity can be narrow (specialism) or broad (generalism) and is quantified using measures such as host range breadth and phylogenetic host distance. It shapes patterns of disease emergence, host shifts, co-speciation, and community structure, and is a central parameter in epidemiology, invasion biology, and host–microbe interaction research.
Some insects and microbes develop symbiotic partnerships that become so interdependent they can no longer survive without each other. But how specific are these heritable symbioses? Is it possible for the same species of ...
Ecology
Jun 23, 2026
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When H5N1 bird flu first began infecting U.S. cattle in early 2024, diagnosis was elusive because, in cows, the disease looked completely different. Instead of affecting the lungs, as H5N1 does in other mammalian species, ...
Cell & Microbiology
Jun 19, 2026
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An interdisciplinary team of Rice University researchers has uncovered previously unknown relationships between bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—and their bacterial hosts, offering a powerful new tool for next-generation ...
Cell & Microbiology
Jun 16, 2026
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Many insects will eat almost anything in their sight, such as certain beetles, grasshoppers and locusts, while others are remarkably picky eaters. For example, numerous insect herbivores will feed only on a single plant family ...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is generally associated with animals. But a new study by researchers from the University of Calgary and international collaborators explored the potential for CWD to spread from deer, elk and ...
Ecology
Jun 11, 2026
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Johanna Harvey, an assistant professor of wildlife disease ecology at the University of Rhode Island, has described bird flu in public presentations as a quiet virus with loud consequences. Now, she's published a new paper ...
Ecology
May 27, 2026
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Even if you haven't heard of Botrytis cinerea, you've likely seen it—slowly growing in your store-bought blueberries, tomatoes or even on your beautiful orchids. Commonly known as gray mold, the fungus attacks hundreds of ...
Plants & Animals
May 20, 2026
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19
Scientists from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have uncovered what gives Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, the ability to colonize the human gut. The researchers found that a small RNA embedded within ...
Molecular & Computational biology
May 16, 2026
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19
Symbiosis, or the interaction of two unalike species, is common and often necessary for survival. In insects, symbiotic microbes often facilitate and promote the growth of hosts. Before the symbiotic collaboration can begin, ...
Ecology
May 14, 2026
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Male strepsipterans develop inside a host insect during their larval stage and, upon reaching the adult stage, emerge from the host body to begin a free-living phase. In a new study, researchers at University of Tsukuba directly ...
Plants & Animals
May 8, 2026
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