Gauge bosons are quantum fields and their associated elementary particles that mediate the fundamental interactions in gauge theories, forming a many-body quantum field system characterized by specific gauge symmetries. In the Standard Model, they include the massless photon for U(1) electromagnetic interactions, eight massless gluons for SU(3) color interactions, and the massive W± and Z⁰ bosons for SU(2)×U(1) electroweak interactions after spontaneous symmetry breaking via the Higgs mechanism. As a physical system, gauge bosons exhibit self-interactions in non-Abelian gauge theories, govern charge screening or confinement behavior, and determine the dynamical structure of force propagation at quantum and relativistic scales.
Since the launch of the Large Hadron Collider, there has been ongoing research there into Higgs bosons and a search for traces of physics beyond the existing model of elementary particles. Scientists working at the ATLAS ...
General Physics
Nov 7, 2024
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After an unexpected measurement by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experiment in 2022, physicists on the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment (CMS) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) announced today a new mass measurement ...
General Physics
Sep 22, 2024
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The CMS experiment at CERN is the latest to weigh in on the mass of the W boson—an elementary particle that, along with the Z boson, mediates the weak force, which is responsible for a form of radioactivity and initiates ...
General Physics
Sep 17, 2024
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A central aim of the ATLAS Higgs physics program is to measure, with increasing precision, the strength of interactions of the Higgs boson with elementary fermions and bosons.
General Physics
Sep 9, 2024
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Although our universe may seem stable, having existed for a whopping 13.7 billion years, several experiments suggest that it is at risk—walking on the edge of a very dangerous cliff. And it's all down to the instability of ...
General Physics
Aug 5, 2024
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Nobel laureate Peter Higgs gave his name to one of the great scientific discoveries of the last century, earning a place alongside Albert Einstein and Max Planck in physics textbooks.
General Physics
Apr 9, 2024
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In a talk at the ongoing Rencontres de Moriond conference, the ATLAS collaboration presented the result of its latest test of a key principle of the Standard Model of particle physics known as lepton flavor universality. ...
General Physics
Mar 26, 2024
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The CMS experiment has presented its first search for new physics using data from Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider. The new study looks at the possibility of "dark photon" production in the decay of Higgs bosons in the ...
General Physics
Dec 27, 2023
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String theory found its origins in an attempt to understand the nascent experiments revealing the strong nuclear force. Eventually another theory, one based on particles called quarks and force carriers called gluons, would ...
General Physics
Dec 20, 2023
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