Core analysis is a suite of laboratory and computational methods applied to cylindrical rock samples retrieved from subsurface formations to quantify petrophysical and geomechanical properties relevant to reservoir characterization and simulation. Conventional core analysis typically measures porosity, permeability, fluid saturation, grain density, and capillary pressure using techniques such as gas expansion porosimetry, steady-state and unsteady-state flow tests, and mercury injection capillary pressure. Special core analysis (SCAL) extends these methods to include relative permeability, wettability, electrical properties, and stress-dependent behavior under reservoir conditions, often integrating imaging (e.g., micro-CT), digital rock physics, and advanced core flooding protocols to parameterize multi-phase flow and geomechanical models.
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