Cell biology is a branch of biological sciences that investigates the structure, function, dynamics, and regulation of cells as the fundamental units of life. It encompasses the study of cellular organelles, membranes, cytoskeleton, intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, cell cycle control, cell division, differentiation, and cell death. Using approaches from molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, microscopy, and biophysics, cell biology analyzes how macromolecular assemblies and biochemical networks give rise to cellular behaviors. It also examines cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and provides a mechanistic framework for understanding development, physiology, and pathologies such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases.
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