Boundary layers as a research area focus on the thin regions adjacent to solid boundaries or interfaces in fluid flows where viscous, thermal, or compositional gradients are strongly concentrated and depart from outer, often inviscid, conditions. This field investigates laminar–turbulent transition, turbulence structure, separation, heat and mass transfer, and the interaction of boundary layers with pressure gradients, roughness, and compressibility. Research spans theoretical analysis, asymptotics, numerical simulation, and experiments across aerodynamics, geophysical and environmental flows, and engineering systems, aiming to predict and control drag, mixing, and transport processes governed by near-wall dynamics.
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