Biofouling is a biological process in which microorganisms such as bacteria, microalgae, and fungi colonize and form biofilms on natural or artificial submerged surfaces, often followed by the settlement of larger organisms like macroalgae and invertebrates. It is initiated by physicochemical conditioning of the surface, adsorption of organic molecules, and subsequent microbial attachment mediated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofouling alters surface properties, fluid dynamics, and mass transfer, and is a key focus in marine biology, biotechnology, and materials science due to its impact on corrosion, bioreactor performance, membrane filtration, and the development of antifouling strategies and coatings.
Science never stops. Get notified about trending stories.
