Odd-toed ungulates, comprising the order Perissodactyla, are large, herbivorous mammals characterized by an odd number of functional toes on each hind foot, with the main limb axis passing through the third digit (mesaxonic condition). Extant members include horses and donkeys (family Equidae), rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae), and tapirs (Tapiridae). They possess hindgut fermentation with an enlarged cecum and colon for cellulose digestion, typically have simple stomachs, and show specialized dentition for grazing or browsing. Perissodactyls exhibit cursorial or semi-cursorial limb morphology and have experienced substantial historical diversity, though their extant diversity is relatively limited and several species are conservation-dependent or critically endangered.
Stripe patterns are commonly seen in nature—for instance, birds and fish move in coordinated flocks and schools, fingerprints form unique designs, and zebras can be identified by their distinctive stripes.
Cell & Microbiology
Dec 22, 2025
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198
Proteomics International Laboratories Ltd. and the University of Western Australia have published results in the journal Animals providing critical insight into the relationship between oxidative stress and race performance.
Veterinary medicine
Dec 17, 2025
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In a pilot study, researchers from North Carolina State University have found a novel kirkovirus that may be associated with colitis—and potentially small colon impactions—in horses. The study could offer a route to new therapies ...
Plants & Animals
Dec 9, 2025
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