Artificial intelligence, as a technique, refers to computational methods that enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human cognitive capabilities, such as perception, reasoning, learning, and decision-making. Core AI techniques include search and optimization algorithms, symbolic reasoning and knowledge representation, probabilistic inference, and machine learning approaches such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. These techniques often rely on statistical modeling, function approximation, and gradient-based optimization to construct models that generalize from data. AI techniques are implemented in software frameworks, integrated into pipelines for training, validation, and deployment, and are evaluated using task-specific performance metrics and robustness assessments.
Researchers at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering have used machine learning to design nano-architected materials that have the strength of carbon steel but the lightness of Styrofoam.
Nanomaterials
Jan 24, 2025
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519
Depth degradation is a problem biologists know all too well: The deeper you look into a sample, the fuzzier the image becomes. A worm embryo or a piece of tissue may only be tens of microns thick, but the bending of light ...
Optics & Photonics
Jan 7, 2025
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63
Super-resolution (SR) technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of images. SR reconstruction aims to generate high-resolution images from low-resolution ones. Traditional methods often result in blurred or ...
Optics & Photonics
Dec 30, 2024
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65
In an era of medical care that is increasingly aiming at more targeted medication therapies, more individual therapies and more effective therapies, doctors and scientists want to be able to introduce molecules to the biological ...
The impact of a drop on a solid surface is an important phenomenon that has various applications. Especially when the drop splashes, it can cause deterioration of printing and paint qualities, erosion, and propagation of ...
Soft Matter
Dec 27, 2024
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35
Researchers have developed an innovative therapeutic platform by mimicking the intricate structures of viruses using artificial intelligence (AI). Their pioneering research was published in Nature on December 18.
Bio & Medicine
Dec 24, 2024
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121
Many techniques in computational materials science require scientists to identify the right set of parameters that capture the physics of the specific material they are studying. Calculating these parameters from scratch ...
Condensed Matter
Dec 23, 2024
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142
It's easy to think that machine learning is a completely digital phenomenon, made possible by computers and algorithms that can mimic brain-like behaviors. But the first machines were analog and now, a small but growing body ...
General Physics
Dec 9, 2024
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88
How can artificial intelligence (AI) help astronauts on long-term space missions? This is what a recent study presented at the 2024 International Astronautical Congress in Milan, Italy, hopes to address.
Space Exploration
Dec 4, 2024
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37
The deep neural network models that power today's most demanding machine-learning applications have grown so large and complex that they are pushing the limits of traditional electronic computing hardware.
Optics & Photonics
Dec 2, 2024
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79
