Animal tracking methods encompass a range of technologies and analytical approaches used to monitor the spatial and temporal movements of individual animals or populations. Techniques include conventional tagging, radio telemetry (VHF), satellite telemetry (e.g., Argos, GPS), biologging (accelerometers, depth sensors, temperature, heart rate), and automated detection systems such as passive integrated transponders (PIT) and camera traps. Data from these devices are integrated with geographic information systems (GIS), state-space models, and movement ecology frameworks to infer habitat use, migration routes, behavior, and responses to environmental variation, enabling quantitative assessments of spatial ecology, demography, and conservation status.
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