In the context of physical systems, 3-dimensional systems are systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are embedded in or constrained by three spatial dimensions, typically described by coordinates (x, y, z) in Euclidean space. Their behavior is governed by field equations or dynamical laws defined over a 3D manifold, such as Maxwell’s equations, Navier–Stokes equations, or Schrödinger’s equation in three spatial dimensions. These systems exhibit phenomena inherently dependent on 3D geometry and topology, including volumetric interactions, three-component vector fields, and spatially resolved boundary conditions, and they often require tensorial or vector calculus formalisms for accurate modeling and analysis.
A research team from Seoul National University College of Engineering has developed a technology to observe atomic structural changes of nanoparticles in three dimensions. Their study, which resolves a long-standing challenge ...
Nanophysics
Mar 4, 2025
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For the first time, researchers have used high-speed laser writing to create lines spaced just 100 nm apart on a glass substrate. The optimized printing approach could enable super-resolution 3D direct laser writing (DLW) ...
Optics & Photonics
Feb 27, 2025
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The first metal 3D part ever created in orbit has landed on Earth.
Space Exploration
Feb 27, 2025
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The limitations of two-dimensional (2D) displays in representing the depth of the three-dimensional (3D) world have prompted researchers to explore alternatives that offer a more immersive experience. Volumetric displays ...
Optics & Photonics
Feb 19, 2025
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There is a big problem with quantum technology—it's tiny. The distinctive properties that exist at the subatomic scale usually disappear at macroscopic scales, making it difficult to harness their superior sensing and communication ...
Condensed Matter
Feb 19, 2025
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The Anderson transition is a phase transition that occurs in disordered systems, which entails a shift from a diffusive state (i.e., in which waves or particles are spread out) to a localized state, in which they are trapped ...
Researchers at the University of Bristol have made a breakthrough in the development of "life-like" synthetic materials which are able to move by themselves like worms.
Soft Matter
Feb 13, 2025
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Key cells in the brain, neurons, form networks by exchanging signals, enabling the brain to learn and adapt at incredible speed. Researchers at the Delft University of Technology in The Netherlands (TU Delft) have developed ...
Bio & Medicine
Jan 30, 2025
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Chirality refers to objects that cannot be superimposed onto their mirror images through any combination of rotations or translations, much like the distinct left and right hands of a human. In chiral crystals, the spatial ...
Condensed Matter
Jan 23, 2025
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111
Colloidal gels are complex systems made up of microscopic particles dispersed in a liquid, ultimately producing a semi-solid network. These materials have unique and advantageous properties that can be tuned using external ...
