In physics, 2-dimensional systems are idealized physical systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are confined to a plane or an effectively two-dimensional manifold, such that dynamics and interactions occur predominantly within two spatial dimensions. They exhibit distinct phenomena compared with three-dimensional counterparts, including modified density of states, altered screening and fluctuation behavior, and dimensionality-dependent phase transitions (e.g., Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions mediated by topological defects). Examples include electrons in quantum wells or at interfaces, ultrathin films, and certain spin or lattice models defined on 2D lattices, which serve as fundamental platforms for studying critical phenomena, topological phases, and low-dimensional quantum many-body effects.
Graphene, which is comprised of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is a widely used material known for its advantageous electrical and mechanical properties. When graphene is stacked in a so-called ...
Researchers at The University of Manchester have made an unexpected discovery about one of the world's most familiar substances—water. When confined to spaces a few atoms thick, water transforms into something completely ...
Nanophysics
Oct 15, 2025
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Electrons in two-dimensional (2D) systems placed under strong magnetic fields often behave in unique ways, prompting the emergence of so-called fractional quantum Hall liquids. These are exotic states of matter in which electrons ...
Typically, the charge of electrons is used to store and process information in electronics-based devices. In spintronics, the focus is instead on the magnetic moment or on magnetic vortices, so-called skyrmions—the goal ...
Condensed Matter
Oct 6, 2025
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Researchers have for the first time measured the true properties of individual MXene flakes—an exciting new nanomaterial with potential for better batteries, flexible electronics, and clean energy devices.
Nanophysics
Oct 6, 2025
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A research team in Kiel has demonstrated a previously unknown effect in graphene—a single layer of carbon atoms whose discovery earned the 2010 Nobel Prize. For years, graphene has been seen as a promising material for ...
Nanophysics
Oct 1, 2025
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It is anticipated that within just a few decades, the surging volume of digital data will constitute one of the world's largest energy consumers. Now, researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have made a ...
Condensed Matter
Sep 26, 2025
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Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have observed a doping-tunable charge density wave (CDW) in a single-layer semiconductor, Chromium(III) selenide (Cr2Se3), extending the CDW phenomenon from metals ...
Condensed Matter
Sep 24, 2025
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In a study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society, a team led by Prof. Song Li from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences synthesized monolayer WS2 lateral ...
Nanomaterials
Sep 23, 2025
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Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, have created an innovative method to visualize and analyze atomic structures within specially designed, ...
Nanophysics
Sep 23, 2025
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