In physics, 2-dimensional systems are idealized physical systems whose relevant degrees of freedom are confined to a plane or an effectively two-dimensional manifold, such that dynamics and interactions occur predominantly within two spatial dimensions. They exhibit distinct phenomena compared with three-dimensional counterparts, including modified density of states, altered screening and fluctuation behavior, and dimensionality-dependent phase transitions (e.g., Kosterlitz–Thouless transitions mediated by topological defects). Examples include electrons in quantum wells or at interfaces, ultrathin films, and certain spin or lattice models defined on 2D lattices, which serve as fundamental platforms for studying critical phenomena, topological phases, and low-dimensional quantum many-body effects.
Some of the most promising materials for future technologies come in layers just one atom thick, such as graphene, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, prized for its exceptional strength and conductivity. ...
Nanophysics
May 28, 2025
0
113
More than ten years ago, researchers at Rice University led by materials scientist Boris Yakobson predicted that boron atoms would cling too tightly to copper to form borophene, a flexible, metallic two-dimensional material ...
Nanophysics
May 23, 2025
0
52
Researchers at Nagoya University in Japan have developed an interface that creates "virtual sorting nanomachines" without the need to manufacture actual devices.
Nanophysics
May 22, 2025
0
62
What if the magnon Hall effect, which processes information using magnons (spin waves) capable of current-free information transfer with magnets, could overcome its current limitation of being possible only on a 2D plane? ...
Condensed Matter
May 22, 2025
0
52
What if there were an efficient method to produce a viable, environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels using the power of sunlight? A significant discovery by researchers at Tohoku University and the University ...
Nanomaterials
May 16, 2025
0
1
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have proved to be a promising platform for studying exotic quasiparticles, such as excitons. Excitons are bound states that emerge when an electron in a material absorbs energy and rises to ...
The move from two to three dimensions can have a significant impact on how a system behaves, whether it is folding a sheet of paper into a paper airplane or twisting a wire into a helical spring. At the nanoscale, 1,000 times ...
Nanophysics
May 9, 2025
0
29
Ferroelectrics are a class of materials that exhibit so-called spontaneous electric polarization, which is the separation of electric charges that can be reversed when an external electric field is applied to them. The dipole ...
The rules about magnetic order may need to be rewritten. Researchers have discovered that chromium selenide (Cr2Se3)—traditionally non-magnetic in bulk form—transforms into a magnetic material when reduced to atomically ...
Condensed Matter
May 8, 2025
0
21
Graphene is a "miracle material": mechanically extremely strong and electrically highly conductive, ideal for related applications. Using a unique method, physicists at the University of Vienna led by Jani Kotakoski have ...
Nanophysics
May 6, 2025
0
31
