Metamorphosis anomalies in Arctia menetriesii (L-R): lethal larva-pupa intermediate; female emerged from larva-pupa intermediate - head and thorax left covered with the larval cuticle; female emerged from larva-pupa intermediate - larval cuticle removed; pupa with insignificant anomalies; pupa with severe anomalies. Credit: Evgeny Koshkin