Oxidation and reduction are complementary electron-transfer processes that underpin redox chemistry and many biological and industrial transformations. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons, an increase in oxidation state, or, in many covalent systems, gain of electronegative substituents (e.g., oxygen) or loss of electropositive ones (e.g., hydrogen). Reduction is the gain of electrons, a decrease in oxidation state, or the converse change in bonding pattern. In any redox reaction, electrons are conserved and transferred from a reductant (electron donor) to an oxidant (electron acceptor), often mediated by redox couples, half-reactions, and characterized quantitatively by standard reduction potentials.
Hydroperoxides are strong oxidants that have a significant influence on chemical processes in the atmosphere. Now, an international research team involving the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) has shown ...
Earth Sciences
Jan 9, 2026
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107
For the first time, researchers have been able to show how a cell closes the door to free radicals—small oxygen molecules that are sometimes needed, but that can also damage our cells. The study is published in Nature Communications ...
Cell & Microbiology
Dec 22, 2025
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18
Proteomics International Laboratories Ltd. and the University of Western Australia have published results in the journal Animals providing critical insight into the relationship between oxidative stress and race performance.
Veterinary medicine
Dec 17, 2025
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18
EPFL scientists have identified a molecular pathway that protects cells from lipid oxidation and ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death involved in aging and several diseases.
Cell & Microbiology
Dec 16, 2025
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37
There is a dire need for selective catalysts that allow us to consistently achieve a desired outcome in a chemical reaction. It is this consistency that allows for more efficient, energy-saving ways of producing fuel. A team ...
Nanomaterials
Dec 11, 2025
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21
Redox-active metal-organic frameworks (RAMOFs) are highly porous materials made of metals and organic molecules linked together by coordination bonds, and they contain redox-active sites that can store electrons (protons). ...
Nanomaterials
Dec 3, 2025
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19
Researchers have developed a technology that uses carbon monoxide, typically harmful to humans, to precisely control metal thin films at a thickness of 0.3 nanometers. This technology enables faster and simpler production ...
Nanomaterials
Dec 2, 2025
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60
Iron rusts. On Earth, this common chemical reaction often signals the presence of something far more interesting than just corroding metal—for example, living microorganisms that make their living by manipulating iron atoms. ...
Astrobiology
Nov 13, 2025
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36
How do you turn toxic waste into fuel? Ask the microbe. A team of scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, together with a colleague from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ...
Cell & Microbiology
Oct 29, 2025
0
60
Beneath our feet, an invisible world of electron exchanges quietly drives the chemistry that sustains ecosystems, controls water quality, and even determines the fate of pollutants.
Earth Sciences
Sep 26, 2025
0
50
