Their findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The discovery of this rare fossil was a strike of luck. Dr. Ales Bucek, currently the head of the Laboratory of insect symbiosis at the Czech Academy of Sciences, immediately recognized the scientific value of this piece of amber when he saw it in an e-shop for fossil collectors. "Termite fossils are very common, but this piece was unique because it contains a pair. I have seen hundreds of fossils with termites enclosed, but never a pair," explains Dr. Bucek.

After purchasing the fossil, the team of the OIST Evolutionary Genomics Unit used an X-ray micro-CT to get a better look at the E. affinis pair embedded in the amber, "identifying the species was actually not easy, because there were bubbles in front of important parts of the termite's bodies," Dr. Simon Hellemans, a postdoctoral researcher at OIST, says.

The scan revealed not only to what species the insects belonged but also that the trapped individuals were a male and female laying side-by-side with the female's mouthparts touching the tip of the male's abdomen. An image the researchers were familiar with, as they observed it many times in current day termites engaged in a behavior called tandem running. During this mating behavior the insects display coordinated movements which ensure that the pair stays together while exploring a new nest-site.