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WhatsApp bans European under-16s from using app

WhatsApp has raised its minimum age for users in the European Union to 16 years, as the bloc prepares for a new online privacy law to come into force next month.

Apr 25, 2018 in Internet

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Uncovering the secret law of the evolution of galaxy clusters

As science enthusiasts around the world bid farewell to legendary cosmologist Stephen Hawking, researchers continue to make important discoveries about the evolution of galaxy clusters that capture the imagination.

Apr 24, 2018 in Astronomy

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New report reveals cybercriminal spending behaviours

A University of Surrey senior lecturer in Criminology has teamed up with virtualisation technology company Bromium to produce "Into the Web of Profit", a research study revealing the socio-economic and spending differences ...

Apr 23, 2018 in Security

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Trump meets with Apple CEO at White House to talk trade

President Donald Trump has met with Apple CEO Tim Cook at the White House to discuss trade as he engages in negotiations around the globe.

Apr 25, 2018 in Business

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New method to analyze the dissipation curve of topological insulators

Topological insulators are new materials that have been studied by many research groups around the world for more than 10 years. The main advantage of such materials is the presence of dissipationless states at the sample ...

Apr 23, 2018 in General Physics

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Texas appeals court dismisses revenge porn law

A Texas appeals court says a state law that punishes those who post intimate images from previous or current relationships online without consent is unconstitutional.

Apr 20, 2018 in Internet

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Crawling social media to understand outlaw motorcycle gang dynamics

Understanding and isolating the factors in the recruitment to organised crime and terrorist networks is the ambitious mission of the PROTON project. The first step in this three-year-long venture is, of course, to investigate ...

Apr 20, 2018 in Social Sciences

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Law

Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator in relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person's rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalised in penal code, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, "The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual."

Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinction can be made between civil law jurisdictions, which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion still informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, such as legal history and philosophy, or social scientific perspectives such as economic analysis of law or the sociology of law. The study of law raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, liberty and justice. "In its majestic equality", said the author Anatole France in 1894, "the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread." In a typical democracy, the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are the three main branches of government, namely an impartial judiciary, a democratic legislature, and an accountable executive. To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the public, a government's bureaucracy, the military and police are vital. While all these organs of the state are creatures created and bound by law, an independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform and support their progress.

This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA

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