https://phys.org/science-news/mathematics/ en-us The latest news on mathematics, math, math science, mathematical science and math technology. When it comes to statistics, we usually expect to be informed about what happens "on average." But sometimes the key information lies in deviations from that mean: how likely is heavy rain, and how likely is it to remain dry? So-called distributional regression describes not only the mean but also the distribution of possible values. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-statistical-method-broadens-uncertainty-average.html Mathematics Thu, 16 Jul 2026 11:20:03 EDT news703406752 From precision medicine to personalized job training, customizing interventions for individuals is often assumed to produce better outcomes than a one-size-fits-all approach. But personalization also comes with costs: it can be more expensive, harder to implement reliably and may require more resources to design. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-statistical-personalization.html Mathematics Tue, 14 Jul 2026 10:00:08 EDT news703232999 Clarkson University researchers have developed an artificial intelligence tool that can uncover the mathematical equations governing complex and chaotic systems directly from data. The technology, called KANDy—short for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Dynamics—is designed to help scientists understand systems that are difficult to describe using traditional methods because they are noisy, nonlinear or highly unpredictable. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-ai-tool-equations-complex.html Mathematics Tue, 07 Jul 2026 12:00:05 EDT news702638959 Why do people make the choices they do? Researchers from the Center Synergy of Systems (SynoSys) at TUD Dresden University of Technology, the Max Planck Institute for Human Development, and the University of Basel present their new approach to finding answers to that question. The approach combines observed choices with participants' own descriptions of their decision processes, allowing researchers to study human behavior in greater detail than is possible with behavioral data alone. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-free-text-llms-reveal-hidden.html Mathematics Fri, 03 Jul 2026 15:00:01 EDT news702136906 New research from the University of Kansas uses network science to determine why people make mistakes when lip-reading. Michael Vitevitch, professor of speech-language-hearing at KU, and his co-authors created a visual map of about 20,000 words in English, hoping to better grasp why some words are more difficult to lip-read than others. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-visual-words-reveals-lip-readers.html Mathematics Fri, 03 Jul 2026 09:20:06 EDT news702053517 Math is great when it's simple, but then our brain gets involved and complicates everything. Imagine you are on the leadership team for a Big 4 and choosing between two employees for a director-level promotion. One is ranked third out of 12 on her team. The other is ranked sixth out of 24. On paper, both candidates sit at the same relative spot in their groups. Both are in the top quarter. Both have outperformed three-fourths of their peers. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-shorter-people-misread.html Mathematics Thu, 02 Jul 2026 14:40:08 EDT news702210360 A mathematical problem that had remained unsolved for more than 10 years in the physics of complex systems has finally been resolved through an unusual collaboration: one involving two theoretical physicists and an artificial intelligence system. In a study published in the Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, Giorgio Parisi, Nobel Prize winner in physics, and Francesco Zamponi, physicist at LaSapienza University of Rome, show how the AI model Claude contributed to finding the proof of a mathematical relation that had resisted researchers' efforts for years. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-physicists-ai-claude-collaborate-year.html Mathematics Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:02 EDT news701940481 One of football's most iconic moments—the penalty shootout—may be far more strategic than previously thought, with new research challenging the notion that the team kicking first holds a major advantage. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-world-cup-reveals-strategy-teams.html Mathematics Tue, 30 Jun 2026 06:38:59 EDT news702017102 More than 20% of the workload on the world's 500 fastest supercomputers is spent simulating how atoms and molecules move—with applications ranging from material design to identifying drug interactions to understanding protein folding. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-mathematicians-unleash-multifold-boost-supercomputer.html Mathematics Wed, 24 Jun 2026 14:40:04 EDT news701522521 Many languages recycle words, giving them different meanings. For example, in English, "run" can mean to move quickly but also to manage something, like "run a company." In Spanish, "lengua" is both the word for tongue and language, as in "la lengua española." This type of word reuse is known as colexification. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-languages-recycle-words.html Mathematics Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:40:02 EDT news701348226 Scientists working on the revolutionary 'R' programming language invented at the University of Auckland have won a top award intended to be a Nobel Prize for statisticians. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-zealand-scientists-major-global-award.html Mathematics Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:07:27 EDT news701075106 Every day, millions of people play Wordle, the popular New York Times game that challenges users to guess a secret five-letter word. Using information theory, a team of researchers at Binghamton University, State University of New York, has developed a method to solve the game with a 99% success rate. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-math-wordle.html Mathematics Wed, 17 Jun 2026 14:40:07 EDT news700920061 Imagine you poll your friends on how many minutes per pound to roast a turkey. Five respond with 15 minutes; one answers 33 minutes. The most popular model of conformity, the French-Harary-DeGroot model (or more commonly, DeGroot model), assumes that you would carefully weigh all six recommendations, calculating a cooking time of 18 minutes per pound. But under a model of conformity previously published by SFI Complexity Postdoctoral Fellow Kaleda Denton and colleagues, you would disregard the outlier and move ahead with 15. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-redefined-conformity-averaging-real-world.html Mathematics Mon, 15 Jun 2026 15:00:09 EDT news700743781 A dribble and a jump shot, followed by a fractions task. That is what physical education classes looked like for a group of pupils, and the pupils not only found the lessons more engaging than usual—they also became better at mathematics with a basketball in their hands, according to a new study from the University of Copenhagen. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-basketball-mathematics-children-boost-math.html Mathematics Wed, 10 Jun 2026 12:40:04 EDT news700308601 How do children learn math? It's shaped by what they know as well as their motivation and engagement. Historically, research on children's math learning has been focused on parents' cognitive practices (such as math talk—informal conversations that involve math), however emerging evidence shows how parents' motivational practices (encouraging independence and helping children enjoy math) may also play a critical role in their math abilities. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-parents-kids-enjoy-math-boost.html Mathematics Wed, 10 Jun 2026 09:00:01 EDT news700217641 From June 11, countless millions of people will be following the football World Cup in Canada, Mexico and the U.S. They will discuss their team's performance, talk like experts about tactics and formations, and cower behind the sofa during penalty shootouts. But a lot of what comes across as gut instinct and long-established football wisdom can now be verified with the help of data. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-opponents-swiss-national-team.html Mathematics Tue, 09 Jun 2026 18:00:04 EDT news700215850 Are two sets of data genuinely different, or is it because of randomness? This question, known as the two-sample testing problem, becomes notoriously difficult in modern datasets, because they are often high-dimensional, complex, and differences between them can take countless subtle forms. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-hidden-geometry-kernel-methods-complex.html Mathematics Mon, 08 Jun 2026 17:50:03 EDT news700156321 Team Australia kicked it long from the goalkeeper. Switzerland took a slower approach and preferred short passes over long drives. Spain, on the other hand, tended to string the ball with sharp, sideways passes across the field. Those are a few of the takeaways from passing-style graphics that Northeastern University's Network Science Institute developed of the top soccer teams at the FIFA World Cup 2022 that showcased their most distinctive passing clusters. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-network-science-world-cup.html Mathematics Thu, 04 Jun 2026 12:40:06 EDT news699793501 A Dartmouth College study is the first to map the interplay of personal choice and social networks that has led to the United States being one of the world's most heavily armed countries, with 120 firearms for every 100 people. The researchers describe in Science Advances how individual incentives to buy firearms can lead to a phenomenon they call "overarming." In an overarmed society, the collective cost of firearm ownership outweighs the individual benefits of possessing a gun. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-overarming-america-game-theory-explores.html Mathematics Wed, 03 Jun 2026 14:00:10 EDT news699704161 Ahead of major soccer tournaments, a research team led by Achim Zeileis of the University of Innsbruck and Andreas Groll of TU Dortmund University calculates the chances of winning for all participating teams. For the 2026 World Cup in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, their model identifies Spain as the slight favorite with 14.5%. Closely behind are England (12.4%), France (12.4%), and Germany (11.2%). Somewhat further back are Portugal (8.9%) and Argentina (8.2%), as well as the Netherlands (5.6%) and Brazil (4.7%). "Compared to previous tournaments, this year's title race is very tight," confirms Achim Zeileis. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-world-cup-spain-title-wide.html Mathematics Wed, 03 Jun 2026 13:20:20 EDT news699711508 Dozens of mathematicians signed a declaration Tuesday calling for the discipline to resist beating the drum for artificial intelligence developers. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-mathematicians-dont-hype-ai-capabilities.html Mathematics Tue, 02 Jun 2026 12:40:06 EDT news699620965 One of the dilemmas facing anyone in a new and unfamiliar city is where to dine out. You might consult guides, speak to locals, check reviews, and ultimately, try your luck. But if you're there for a while, at some point you're going to be asking yourself whether to visit new eateries or stick to the ones you've already tried and liked. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-richard-feynman-formula-dining-habits.html Mathematics Tue, 02 Jun 2026 12:20:01 EDT news699620074 Most people wouldn't think that it would take rigorous mathematical proof to show how many folds it takes to make a donut shape out of paper. Yet, no one could quite figure it out until recently. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-mathematician-origami-donut-efficiency-fewest.html Mathematics Mon, 01 Jun 2026 13:03:13 EDT news699537760 How ambitious should you be? Folk wisdom offers conflicting advice: "Shoot for the moon," but also, "Don't let the perfect be the enemy of the good." A new study by researchers at the University of Wyoming, Stanford University and the University of Colorado-Boulder used a mathematical model to show that ambition lies in the middle—above average but finite. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-moon-aim-bit.html Mathematics Fri, 29 May 2026 09:00:02 EDT news699176462 Last week, OpenAI shocked the mathematical community by revealing that one of its internal artificial intelligence (AI) models had found a counterexample to a famous conjecture made by legendary Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős in 1946. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-ai-solution-80yearold-problem-mathematicians.html Mathematics Thu, 28 May 2026 12:20:02 EDT news699185941 In today's scientific and industrial fields, high-dimensional data in which numerous variables are observed simultaneously, such as genomic, climate, financial, and sensor data, are rapidly increasing. In such data, it is important to learn the dependent structures connecting the variables and to identify a "dependence map" that reveals hidden information in massive data sets. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-bayesian-inference-hidden-multi-group.html Mathematics Tue, 26 May 2026 11:00:07 EDT news699010951 In a new open-access study that I published with my late colleague Kostya Trachenko from Queen Mary University of London, I propose a surprisingly simple nonlinear mathematical equation that unifies 12,000 years of human population growth and points to stark possible futures if global environmental crises intensify. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-mathematical-global-population.html Mathematics Mon, 25 May 2026 10:00:02 EDT news698921136 Three mathematicians have laid out proof that solves a long-standing problem in mathematics. Even the mathematician—an Abel prize winner—that first posed the problem didn't believe it would ever be solved. The solution provides insight into high-dimensional random structures that could potentially impact data science, machine learning and optimization. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-mathematicians-decades-mystery-hidden-high.html Mathematics Sun, 24 May 2026 12:20:01 EDT news698499556 For nearly 80 years, mathematicians have struggled to solve a classic geometry puzzle first posed by Paul Erdős in 1946: the planar unit distance problem. The question posed by the legendary Hungarian mathematician was, on the surface, deceptively simple. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-ai-major-breakthrough-math-problem.html Mathematics Fri, 22 May 2026 13:50:50 EDT news698676636 A new study shows that apparently erratic or "sloppy" behavior in strategic situations is not necessarily a mistake. Under certain conditions, being less sensitive to one's own gains can become a long-term advantage. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-noisy-decision-strategic-advantage.html Mathematics Thu, 21 May 2026 13:20:04 EDT news698581921