https://phys.org/ en-us Latest news from NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have found a duplication of a short stretch of the X chromosome in some people with a rare disorder that causes excessive childhood growth. They believe that a single gene within the region likely has a large influence on how much children grow. The research comes from a lab at NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), which seeks to understand growth. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-link-chromosome-region-duplication-gene.html Genetics Wed, 03 Dec 2014 17:00:01 EST news336846287 Nearly 55 percent of U.S. infants are placed to sleep with bedding that increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS, despite recommendations against the practice, report researchers at the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other institutions. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-percent-infants-potentially-unsafe-bedding.html Pediatrics Mon, 01 Dec 2014 03:12:14 EST news336625927 A year-round preventive drug treatment substantially reduces young children's risk of contracting malaria and poses no serious risk of adverse events, according to a study by researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-08-year-round-treatment-malaria-young-children.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Tue, 05 Aug 2014 14:00:07 EDT news326452000 High cholesterol levels may impair fertility in couples trying to achieve a pregnancy, according to a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health, the University at Buffalo (New York), and Emory University in Atlanta. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-05-links-high-cholesterol-fertility.html Medical research Tue, 20 May 2014 14:01:18 EDT news319813264 The hormone oxytocin appears to increase social behaviors in newborn rhesus monkeys, according to a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health, the University of Parma in Italy, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The findings indicate that oxytocin is a promising candidate for new treatments for developmental disorders affecting social skills and bonding. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-04-oxytocin-social-behavior-infant-rhesus.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 28 Apr 2014 15:00:02 EDT news317909675 Pregnant women who experienced financial, emotional, or other personal stress in the year before their delivery had an increased chance of having a stillbirth, say researchers who conducted a National Institutes of Health network study. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-stressful-life-events-stillbirth.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Wed, 27 Mar 2013 11:51:52 EDT news283603872 Children who failed to acquire a basic math skill in first grade scored far behind their peers by seventh grade on a test of the mathematical abilities needed to function in adult life, according to researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health. https://phys.org/news/2013-02-grade-math-skills-foundation-ability.html Social Sciences Wed, 27 Feb 2013 15:04:11 EST news281199791 By the time they reached toddlerhood, very preterm infants originally treated with higher oxygen levels continued to show benefits when compared to a group treated with lower oxygen levels, according to a follow-up study by a research network of the National Institutes of Health that confirms earlier network findings. Moreover, infants treated with a respiratory therapy commonly prescribed for adults with obstructive sleep apnea fared as well as those who received the traditional therapy for infant respiratory difficulties, the new study found. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-benefits-higher-oxygen-device-persist.html Health Thu, 27 Dec 2012 13:06:39 EST news275835991 Mice with a condition that serves as a laboratory model for Down syndrome perform better on memory and learning tasks as adults if they were treated before birth with neuroprotective peptides, according to researchers at the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-prenatal-intervention-deficit-mice.html Medical research Fri, 30 Nov 2012 09:09:51 EST news273488980 A combination of anti-HIV drugs has been found to also reduce the risk of recurrent malaria by nearly half among HIV-positive children, according to researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-hiv-treatment-malaria-recurrence-children.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Wed, 28 Nov 2012 17:00:10 EST news273344123 Couples with high levels of PCBs and similar environmental pollutants take longer to achieve pregnancy in comparison to other couples with lower levels of the pollutants, according to a preliminary study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-pcbs-pollutants-role-pregnancy.html Health Wed, 14 Nov 2012 00:00:03 EST news272047320 Oral medication for treating a type of incontinence in women is roughly as effective as Botox injections to the bladder, reported researchers who conducted a National Institutes of Health clinical trials network study, with each form of treatment having benefits and limitations. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-benefits-drawbacks-women-incontinence-treatments.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Thu, 04 Oct 2012 10:30:43 EDT news268565426 One of the basic elements of cognition―the ability to estimate quantities―grows more precise across the first 30 years or more of a person's life, according to researchers supported by the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-06-ability-quantity-years-life.html Psychology & Psychiatry Wed, 27 Jun 2012 10:26:52 EDT news260011599 Children exposed to HIV in the womb may be more likely to experience hearing loss by age 16 than are their unexposed peers, according to scientists in a National Institutes of Health research network. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-06-children-exposed-hiv-womb-loss.html Pediatrics Wed, 20 Jun 2012 15:42:35 EDT news259425745 Young men being treated for HIV are more likely to experience low bone mass than are other men their age, according to results from a research network supported by the National Institutes of Health. The findings indicate that physicians who care for these patients should monitor them regularly for signs of bone thinning, which could foretell a risk for fractures. The young men in the study did not have HIV at birth and had been diagnosed with HIV an average of two years earlier. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-06-hiv-positive-young-men-bone-mass.html HIV & AIDS Tue, 19 Jun 2012 15:07:23 EDT news259337226 A treatment to reduce the body temperatures of infants who experience oxygen deficiency at birth has benefits into early childhood, according to a follow-up study by a National Institutes of Health research network. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-benefits-hypothermia-infants-early-childhood.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Wed, 30 May 2012 17:00:01 EDT news257609413 Infants born to women who used the anti-HIV drug tenofovir as part of an anti-HIV drug regimen during pregnancy do not weigh less at birth and are not of shorter length than infants born to women who used anti-HIV drug regimens that do not include tenofovir during pregnancy, according to findings from a National Institutes of Health network study. However, at 1 year of age, children born to the tenofovir-treated mothers were slightly shorter and had slightly smaller head circumference—about 1 centimeter each, on average—than were infants whose mothers did not take tenofovir. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-anti-hiv-drug-pregnancy-affect-infant.html HIV & AIDS Wed, 02 May 2012 03:40:01 EDT news255146465 NIH-funded scientists have developed a strain of mice with a built-in off switch that can selectively shut down the animals' serotonin-producing cells, which make up a brain network controlling breathing, temperature regulation, and mood. The switch controls only the serotonin-producing cells, and does not affect any other cells in the animal's brains or bodies. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-07-mouse-key-brain-cell-population.html Medical research Thu, 28 Jul 2011 14:00:08 EDT news231077621 Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have identified DNA variants in mothers and fetuses that appear to increase the risk for preterm labor and delivery. The DNA variants were in genes involved in the regulation of inflammation and of the extracellular matrix, the mesh-like material that holds cells within tissues. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2010-02-scientists-maternal-fetal-genes-preterm.html Genetics Thu, 04 Feb 2010 14:00:07 EST news184483315 The brains of infants who die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) produce low levels of serotonin, a brain chemical that conveys messages between cells and plays a vital role in regulating breathing, heart rate, and sleep, reported researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2010-02-sudden-infant-death-syndrome-linked.html Medical research Tue, 02 Feb 2010 16:42:49 EST news184351348 Researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions have discovered the third in a sequence of genes that accounts for previously unexplained forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic condition that weakens bones, results in frequent fractures and is sometimes fatal. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2010-01-gene-recessive-brittle-bone-disease.html Genetics Wed, 20 Jan 2010 18:10:01 EST news183231312 Placing infants on their backs for sleep can help reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). But a study by Yale School of Medicine researchers and their colleagues shows that while the practice helped reduce the incidence of SIDS, it has reached a plateau since guidelines were released by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-12-parents-babies.html Health Mon, 07 Dec 2009 18:10:01 EST news179430604 Women who experience preeclampsia, a serious complication of pregnancy, may have an increased risk for reduced thyroid functioning later in life, report a team of researchers from the National Institutes of Health and other institutions. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-11-link-preeclampsia-thyroid-function.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Wed, 18 Nov 2009 10:01:11 EST news177760820 Researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health have developed an experimental technique with the potential to prevent a class of hereditary disorders passed on from mother to child. The technique, as yet conducted only in nonhuman primates, involves transferring the hereditary material from one female's egg into another female's egg from which the hereditary material has been removed. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-08-technique-inherited-mitochondrial-disease.html Medical research Wed, 26 Aug 2009 13:29:30 EDT news170512137 Imitation, the old saying goes, is the sincerest form of flattery. It also appears to be an ancient interpersonal mechanism that promotes social bonding and, presumably, sets the stage for relative strangers to coalesce into groups of friends, according to a study by a team of scientists at the National Institutes of Health and two Italian research institutions. https://phys.org/news/2009-08-imitation-social-bonding-primates.html Plants & Animals Thu, 13 Aug 2009 15:00:02 EDT news169392257 Specific variations or mutations in a particular can gene raise a man's risk of familial, or inherited, testicular germ-cell cancer, the most common form of this disease, according to new research by scientists at the National Institutes of Health. This is only the second gene to be identified that affects the risk of familial testicular cancer, and the first gene in a key biochemical pathway. The study appears in the July 2009 Cancer Research. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-06-gene-linked-familial-testicular-cancer.html Oncology & Cancer Mon, 29 Jun 2009 11:27:24 EDT news165493609 Researchers from the National Institutes of Health and other institutions have identified in mice two proteins essential for ovulation to take place. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-05-key-proteins-ovulation.html Medical research Thu, 14 May 2009 14:26:42 EDT news161529970 Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have deciphered a key sequence of events governing whether the stem cells that produce red and white blood cells remain anchored to the bone marrow, or migrate into the circulatory system. https://phys.org/news/2009-03-decipher-blood-stem-cell.html Cell & Microbiology Wed, 25 Mar 2009 12:13:03 EDT news157201946 Using a novel genetic technology that covers up genetic errors, researchers funded in part by the National Institutes of Health have developed a successful treatment for dogs with the canine version of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a paralyzing, and ultimately fatal, muscle disease. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-03-dna-patch-canine-muscular-dystrophy.html Neuroscience Mon, 16 Mar 2009 19:45:36 EDT news156451433 Providing very young children with swimming lessons appears to have a protective effect against drowning and does not increase children's risk of drowning, reported researchers at the National Institutes of Health. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2009-03-lessons-young-children.html Health Mon, 02 Mar 2009 16:46:12 EST news155234719