https://phys.org/ en-us Latest news from New York University School of Medicine Exposure to air pollution early in a pregnancy could increase risk for preterm birth and low birth weight, according to a study led by researchers at NYU School of Medicine, and published on July 27 in Environmental Health Perspectives. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-negative-birth-outcomes-linked-air.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Thu, 27 Jul 2017 10:31:28 EDT news420370279 Aging black men are at much greater risk of dying prematurely of colorectal cancer than any other group in the United States, and are less likely than their white counterparts to be diagnosed at an early stage of the disease. Now a new study finds that patients who enrolled for screening through patient navigator programs at local barbershops were twice as likely to get screened for colorectal cancer. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-black-men-barbershops-early-colorectal.html Oncology & Cancer Mon, 24 Jul 2017 16:02:52 EDT news420130964 Two cell types work together to protect pancreatic tumors from destruction by the immune system. But, blocking this partnership may restore the system's ability to attack these same tumor cells. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-partnering-cells-immune-pancreatic-tumors.html Oncology & Cancer Tue, 18 Jul 2017 15:04:21 EDT news419609050 Combining a specific care management program with a commonly-prescribed drug for Alzheimer's disease multiplies the medication's ability to improve daily function by about 7.5 times, stalling some of the disease's most damaging effects. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-07-drug-combined-alzheimer-symptoms.html Alzheimer's disease & dementia Sun, 16 Jul 2017 05:07:53 EDT news419400465 Hundreds of United States cities will be able to identify their most pressing health needs more accurately—thanks to a nationwide expansion of the City Health Dashboard, an innovative health data visualization tool. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-population-health-resource-cities-access.html Health Tue, 27 Jun 2017 10:04:54 EDT news417776684 A certain immune reaction is the key, not to slowing atherosclerosis like cholesterol-lowering drugs do, but instead to reversing a disease that gradually blocks arteries to cause heart attacks and strokes. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-mechanism-shown-reverse-disease-arteries.html Cardiology Mon, 26 Jun 2017 16:00:03 EDT news417694836 Specific cerebral circuitry bridges chemical changes deep in the brain and the more outward behavioral expressions associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which could lead to more objective biomarkers for the disorder, according to a comprehensive review of rapidly changing data published June 22 in the New England Journal of Medicine. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-brain-circuitry-bridges-neural-behavioral.html Psychology & Psychiatry Wed, 21 Jun 2017 17:21:32 EDT news417284483 By acting out scenarios commonly seen in the clinic, real-life transgender actors can help residents learn to provide more sensitive care to people with a different gender identity than the one they were assigned at birth. This is the main finding of a study published online June 15 in the Journal of Graduate Medical Education. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-transgender-actors-effective-doctors-respectful.html Health Thu, 15 Jun 2017 03:37:29 EDT news416716580 The immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab—already FDA-approved for other forms of cancer-has been found to be effective in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer, according to an international clinical trial led by NYU Langone's Perlmutter Cancer Center. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-06-immunotherapy-drug-effective-metastatic-triple.html Oncology & Cancer Sat, 03 Jun 2017 17:52:07 EDT news415731120 After years of anecdotal claims about its benefits, the cannabis derivative cannabidiol reduced seizure frequency by 39 percent for patients with Dravet syndrome - a rare, severe form of epilepsy - in the first large-scale randomized clinical trial for the compound. The findings were published online May 24 in the New England Journal of Medicine. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-cannabis-derivative-cannabidiol-seizures-severe.html Neuroscience Wed, 24 May 2017 17:00:03 EDT news414845374 Chronic pain in any one body part may distort the intensity with which a key brain region perceives pain everywhere else. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-chronic-pain-amplifies-brain-reaction.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Fri, 19 May 2017 11:00:01 EDT news414409209 Use of the erectile dysfunction drug Viagra does not cause the development of melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-erectile-dysfunction-medicines-melanoma-analysis.html Oncology & Cancer Fri, 19 May 2017 00:10:01 EDT news414342420 Researchers have discovered a mechanism by which the body's immune reaction to viruses like influenza and HIV may cause learning and memory problems. This is the finding of a study led by researchers from NYU Langone Medical Center and published online May 15 in Nature Medicine. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-immune-reactions-viruses-problems.html Neuroscience Mon, 15 May 2017 11:00:07 EDT news414061614 Maintaining the supply of a molecule that helps to nourish cartilage prevented osteoarthritis in animal models of the disease, according to a report published in Nature Communications online May 11. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-rodents-reveal-potential-treatment-approach.html Arthritis & Rheumatism Thu, 11 May 2017 05:00:02 EDT news413692510 More Americans than ever before suffer from serious psychological distress, and the country's ability to meet the growing demand for mental health services is rapidly eroding. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-somber-picture-mental-health-status.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 17 Apr 2017 00:10:01 EDT news411384125 Loud workplace noise has been found by many studies to cause harm, but a recent analysis links the sounds of all-night car horn blasts and shouting by bar revelers in New York City's noisiest neighborhoods to unexplained improvements in body weight and blood pressure for the urban poor living there. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-york-neighborhood-noise-good-poor.html Health Thu, 13 Apr 2017 01:39:35 EDT news411266363 Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center and its Perlmutter Cancer Center have uncovered a critical pathway by which pancreatic cancer cells turn off the immune system charged with attacking them. The findings appear in a paper published online in Nature Medicine April 10. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-newfound-pancreatic-cancer-cells-immune.html Oncology & Cancer Mon, 10 Apr 2017 11:00:07 EDT news411028358 A surgical technique that sends electrical impulses to a specific area of the brain reduces the "tics," or involuntary movements and vocal outbursts, experienced by young adults with severe cases of Tourette syndrome, according to a new study led by investigators from NYU Langone Medical Center. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-deep-brain-decreases-tics-young.html Neuroscience Fri, 07 Apr 2017 10:00:01 EDT news410766686 Genetic testing of tumor and blood fluid samples from people with and without one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer has shown that two new blood tests can reliably detect previously unidentifiable forms of the disease. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-gene-based-blood-skin-cancers.html Oncology & Cancer Sun, 02 Apr 2017 14:59:29 EDT news410363961 People with spinal deformity also requiring a total hip replacement are at greater risk for dislocation or follow-up revision surgery, suggesting that these higher-risk patients may benefit from a more personalized approach to their surgeries to reduce the risk of poorer outcomes. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-degree-spinal-deformity-affects-hip.html Surgery Fri, 17 Mar 2017 03:25:44 EDT news408939932 Smokers who needed a hip or knee replacement experienced better surgical outcomes and fewer adverse events including hospital readmissions, surgical site infections and blood clots if they were enrolled in a smoking cessation program prior to surgery, according to preliminary new research that needs to be confirmed by larger studies. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-cessation-benefit-patients-prior-joint.html Health Thu, 16 Mar 2017 04:21:51 EDT news408856900 Pediatric patients are particularly vulnerable to radiation exposure from medical imaging, according to numerous studies, potentially raising their risk to develop cancer later in life. And orthopaedic surgeons are often at the forefront in deciding if a pediatric patient needs medical imaging. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-exposure-pediatric-orthopedic-patients.html Surgery Tue, 14 Mar 2017 03:54:45 EDT news408682473 Researchers have charted the complex molecular biology of uterine carcinosarcoma, a rare and aggressive gynecologic cancer, according to a study published on March 13 in Cancer Cell. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-genetic-analysis-uterine-cancers-resist.html Oncology & Cancer Mon, 13 Mar 2017 13:36:04 EDT news408630954 A global research team has built five new synthetic yeast chromosomes, meaning that 30 percent of a key organism's genetic material has now been swapped out for engineered replacements. This is one of several findings of a package of seven papers published March 10 as the cover story for Science. https://phys.org/news/2017-03-fully-artificial-yeast-chromosomes.html Biotechnology Thu, 09 Mar 2017 14:00:02 EST news408275192 A drug already used to slow tumor growth may also prevent infertility caused by standard chemotherapies, according to a study published online March 6 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-drug-ovaries-fertility-chemotherapies.html Oncology & Cancer Mon, 06 Mar 2017 15:00:01 EST news408024254 Specialized nerve cells, known as somatostatin-expressing (Sst) interneurons, in the outer part of the mammalian brain (or cerebral cortex)—play a key role in controlling how information flows in the brain when it is awake and alert. This is the finding of a study published online in Science March 2 by a team of neuroscientists at NYU Langone Medical Center and its Neuroscience Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-03-mechanism-brain.html Neuroscience Thu, 02 Mar 2017 14:00:07 EST news407672446 Current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis relieve the inflammation that leads to joint destruction, but the immunologic defect that triggers the inflammation persists to cause relapses, according to research conducted at NYU Langone Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-02-assay-debilitating-inflammatory-joint-disease.html Arthritis & Rheumatism Thu, 23 Feb 2017 17:28:14 EST news407093281 Patients with multiple sclerosis had better problem solving ability and response time after training with a technology called transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), according to a new study published February 22, 2017 in Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-02-tdcs-combined-games-home-cognitive.html Neuroscience Wed, 22 Feb 2017 08:30:35 EST news406974614 A specific gene that helps form memories from traumatic events can be manipulated—and in doing so may actually help prevent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a new study led NYU Langone Medical Center that recently published in Neuropharmacology. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-02-gene-trauma-related-memories-ptsd.html Neuroscience Mon, 13 Feb 2017 11:32:57 EST news406207962 A drug first designed to prevent cancer cells from multiplying has a second effect: it switches immune cells that turn down the body's attack on tumors back into the kind that amplify it. This is the finding of a study led by researchers from NYU Langone Medical Center and published recently in Cancer Immunology Research. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-02-newfound-effect-cancer-drug.html Oncology & Cancer Fri, 10 Feb 2017 14:39:40 EST news405959972