https://phys.org/ en-us Latest news from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology MIPT researchers have developed a multichannel laser heterodyne spectroradiometer for greenhouse gases remote sensing. Recently, the role of anthropological factors in climate change has transferred from science to economy and foreign affairs. https://phys.org/news/2021-07-scientists-high-resolution-carbon-diplomacy.html Analytical Chemistry Wed, 28 Jul 2021 08:57:33 EDT news546681449 Scientists of the MIPT Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory have developed a new low cost, reproducible system for the co-cultivation of cells. This system is based on a polymerized BSA membrane. Its size and relief are determined by a mold created using a 3D printer. The possibility of co-cultivation is achieved with magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). This NPs cross-linked into the membrane, which allows it to be kept afloat in a culture liquid using a constant magnetic field. The study was published in the journal Bioprinting. https://phys.org/news/2021-07-comfortable-3d-house-co-living-cells.html Biotechnology Thu, 22 Jul 2021 12:11:25 EDT news546174681 A team of scientists from MIPT and Kazan National Research Technical University is developing a mathematical apparatus that could lead to a breakthrough in network security. The results of the work have been published in the journal Mathematics. https://phys.org/news/2021-05-scientists-intruders-noise.html Mathematics Tue, 25 May 2021 10:08:06 EDT news541156081 A joint research effort carried out by MIPT scientists and Harvard researchers has yielded retinal cells that can integrate into the retina. This is the first successful attempt to transplant ganglion cells (retinal neurons that are destroyed by glaucoma) derived from stem cells in a lab setting. Scientists tested the technology in mice and established that the cells successfully integrated and survived for a year. In the future, the researchers plan to create specialized cell banks, which will permit individual, tailored therapy for each patient. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-04-stem-cells-glaucoma.html Medical research Mon, 19 Apr 2021 12:03:33 EDT news538052608 Scientists at MIPT have found a possible explanation for the anomalously fast release of gas from nuclear fuel. Supercomputer simulations have uncovered an unexpected mechanism for accelerating the escape of gas bubbles from the uranium dioxide crystal matrix to the surface. The result points the way to eliminate the paradoxical discrepancy of several orders of magnitude between existing theoretical models and experimental results. The paper was published in the Journal of Nuclear Materials. https://phys.org/news/2021-03-scientists-explanation-abnormally-fast-gas.html Materials Science Mon, 29 Mar 2021 10:53:29 EDT news536233910 Scientists from MIPT and ITMO University and their colleagues have studied the formation and growth of crystals from simple organic molecules into large associations. These experiments will help create capsules for targeted drug delivery to specific tissues in the human body. The scientific paper was published in the journal Crystal Growth & Design. https://phys.org/news/2021-03-russian-scientists-capsules-drug-delivery.html Bio & Medicine Mon, 22 Mar 2021 10:03:53 EDT news535626229 Researchers of the Center for Photonics and Two-Dimensional Materials at MIPT, together with their colleagues from Spain, Great Britain, Sweden, and Singapore, including co-creator of the world's first 2-D material and Nobel laureate Konstantin Novoselov, have measured giant optical anisotropy in layered molybdenum disulfide crystals for the first time. The scientists suggest that such transition metal dichalcogenide crystals will replace silicon in photonics. Birefringence with a giant difference in refractive indices, characteristic of these substances, will make it possible to develop faster yet tiny optical devices. The work is published in the journal Nature Communications. https://phys.org/news/2021-03-molybdenum-disulfide-ushers-era-post-silicon.html Optics & Photonics Wed, 03 Mar 2021 09:17:06 EST news533985402 Scientists of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LPI RAS), the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) and the Institute for Nuclear Research of RAS (INR RAS) have studied the arrival directions of astrophysical neutrinos with energies more than a trillion electronvolts (TeV) and came to an unexpected conclusion: all of them are born near black holes in the centers of distant active galaxies powerful radio sources. Previously, only neutrinos with the highest energies were assumed to be obtained in sources of this class. https://phys.org/news/2021-02-scientists-high-energy-cosmic-neutrinos-born.html Astronomy Mon, 22 Feb 2021 09:51:34 EST news533209891 Scientists from MIPT (Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), Moscow Pedagogical State University and the University of Manchester have created a highly sensitive terahertz detector based on the effect of quantum-mechanical tunneling in graphene. The sensitivity of the device is already superior to commercially available analogs based on semiconductors and superconductors, which opens up prospects for applications of the graphene detector in wireless communications, security systems, radio astronomy, and medical diagnostics. The research results are published in Nature Communications. https://phys.org/news/2021-02-quantum-tunneling-graphene-advances-age.html Optics & Photonics Wed, 03 Feb 2021 12:46:00 EST news531578755 Scientists from the Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS) and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) have experimentally confirmed the presence of an intermediate phase between the crystalline and liquid states in a monolayer dusty plasma system. The theoretical prediction of the intermediate—hexatic—phase was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016: the prize was awarded to Michael Kosterlitz, David Thouless and Duncan Haldane with the formulation "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." https://phys.org/news/2021-01-experimental-evidence-intermediate-state-crystal.html Plasma Physics Tue, 19 Jan 2021 12:26:20 EST news530281577 Russian researchers have proposed a new method for synthesizing high-quality graphene nanoribbons—a material with potential for applications in flexible electronics, solar cells, LEDs, lasers, and more. Presented in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, the original approach to chemical vapor deposition, offers a higher yield at a lower cost, compared with the currently used nanoribbon self-assembly on noble metal substrates. https://phys.org/news/2021-01-material-future-electronics-method-graphene.html Nanomaterials Mon, 11 Jan 2021 12:37:52 EST news529591064 A researcher from MIPT has proposed a new explanation for the Arctic's rapid warming. In his recent paper in Geosciences, he suggests that the warming could have been triggered by a series of great earthquakes. https://phys.org/news/2020-12-great-earthquakes-arctic.html Earth Sciences Wed, 23 Dec 2020 10:10:05 EST news527940122 Scientists from the MIPT Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases have joined forces with their colleagues from Jülich Research Center, Germany, and uncovered how sodium ions drive glutamate transport in the central nervous system. Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter and is actively removed from the synaptic cleft between neurons by specialized transport proteins called excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The findings are reported in Science Advances. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-12-illuminate-neurotransmitter-x-ray-crystallography-molecular.html Neuroscience Mon, 21 Dec 2020 11:06:49 EST news527771190 A team of researchers led by MIPT's Allan Kalueff has studied chronic stress in zebrafish and determined that the animal can serve as a valuable model species for research into the associated brain diseases, complementing research currently done on rodents. The paper was published in Scientific Reports. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-12-chronic-stress-zebrafish.html Medical research Mon, 14 Dec 2020 11:05:31 EST news527166329 Resistive switching memory devices offer several advantages over the currently used computer memory technology. Researchers from the MIPT Atomic Layer Deposition Lab have joined forces with colleagues from Korea to study the impact of electrode surface morphology on the properties of a resistive switching memory cell. It turned out that thicker electrodes have greater surface roughness and are associated with markedly better memory cell characteristics. The research findings were published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. https://techxplore.com/news/2020-11-imperfection-electrode-defects-boost-resistive.html Electronics & Semiconductors Mon, 23 Nov 2020 13:08:36 EST news525359311 Researchers from MIPT and the RAS Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics have proposed a simple and convenient way to obtain arbitrarily sized quantum dots required for physical experiments via chemical aging. The study was published in Materials Today Chemistry. https://phys.org/news/2020-11-scientists-age-quantum-dots-tube.html Nanophysics Thu, 19 Nov 2020 09:59:08 EST news525002343 Physicists from MIPT and Vladimir State University, Russia, have converted light energy into surface waves on graphene with nearly 90% efficiency. They relied on a laser-like energy conversion scheme and collective resonances. The paper was published in Laser & Photonics Reviews. https://phys.org/news/2020-11-losses-scientists-graphene.html Nanophysics Mon, 16 Nov 2020 09:36:16 EST news524741772 The method currently used to produce stem cell-derived tissues has a very limited throughput. By semi-automating tissue differentiation, researchers from MIPT and Harvard have made the process nearly four times faster without compromising on quality. Presented in Translational Vision Science & Technology, the new algorithm is also useful for analyzing the factors that affect cell specialization. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-11-scientists-artificial-organoid-growth.html Genetics Tue, 10 Nov 2020 09:44:02 EST news524223838 MIPT researchers Leopold Lobkovsky and Raissa Mazova, and their young colleagues from Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University have created a model of landslide-induced tsunamis that accounts for the initial location of the landslide body. Reported in Landslides, the model reveals that tsunami height is affected by the coastal slope and the position of the land mass before slipping. The highest and most devastating waves result from onshore landslide masses. This realization will make future predictions of tsunamis more accurate, as well as providing deeper insights into past events. https://phys.org/news/2020-10-scientists-landslide-induced-tsunami.html Earth Sciences Mon, 19 Oct 2020 12:40:00 EDT news522329994 Researchers from MIPT have developed a prototype detector of solar particles. The device is capable of picking up protons at kinetic energies between 10 and 100 megaelectronvolts, and electrons at 1-10 MeV. This covers most of the high-energy particle flux coming from the Sun. The new detector can improve radiation protection for astronauts and spaceships, as well as advancing our understanding of solar flares. The research findings are reported in the Journal of Instrumentation. https://phys.org/news/2020-10-scientists-detector-sun.html Astronomy Tue, 13 Oct 2020 13:25:49 EDT news521814343 Physicists have created a broadband detector of terahertz radiation based on graphene. The device has potential for applications in communication and next-generation information transmission systems, security and medical equipment. The study came out in ACS Nano Letters. https://phys.org/news/2020-10-graphene-detector-reveals-thz-polarization.html Nanophysics Thu, 08 Oct 2020 12:37:48 EDT news521379460 Biotechnologists from MIPT have developed a method for extracting the active constituents from the fat of black soldier fly larvae. These compounds possess unique antimicrobial properties and can destroy bacteria that cause farm crop diseases and are resistant to antibiotics. The study was published in Microorganisms. https://phys.org/news/2020-10-larvae-antibiotics-pathogens.html Plants & Animals Mon, 05 Oct 2020 12:34:17 EDT news521120054 Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and King's College London cleared the obstacle that had prevented the creation of electrically driven nanolasers for integrated circuits. The approach, reported in a recent paper in Nanophotonics, enables coherent light source design on the scale not only hundreds of times smaller than the thickness of a human hair but even smaller than the wavelength of light emitted by the laser. This lays the foundation for ultrafast optical data transfer in the manycore microprocessors expected to emerge in the near future. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-physicists-electrical-nanolasers-smaller.html Optics & Photonics Wed, 16 Sep 2020 11:18:28 EDT news519473904 The Ob, Yenisei, and Lena rivers flow into the Kara and Laptev seas and account for about half of the total freshwater runoff to the Arctic Ocean. The transport and transformation of freshwater discharge in these seas have a large impact on ice formation, biological productivity, and many other processes in the Arctic. Researchers from Shirshov Institute of Oceanology and MIPT have investigated the spreading of large river plumes—that is, freshened water masses formed as a result of river runoff mixing with ambient saltwater—in the Russian Arctic seas. The findings were published in Scientific Reports. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-scientists-freshwater-arctic-ocean.html Earth Sciences Thu, 10 Sep 2020 12:18:05 EDT news518959083 Physicists from MIPT and the Russian Quantum Center, joined by colleagues from Saratov State University and Michigan Technological University, have demonstrated new methods for controlling spin waves in nanostructured bismuth iron garnet films via short laser pulses. Presented in Nano Letters, the solution has potential for applications in energy-efficient information transfer and spin-based quantum computing. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-physicists-tunable.html Nanophysics Tue, 08 Sep 2020 12:09:05 EDT news518785738 Researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the RAS Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics have discovered what makes vanadium dioxide films conduct electricity. Published in Physical Review B, their findings will enable thermal imaging devices with a sensitivity and reaction rate superior to those of the currently existing analogs. https://phys.org/news/2020-08-scientists-reveal-secret-material-infrared.html Materials Science Mon, 31 Aug 2020 15:31:25 EDT news518106683 Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology together with their colleagues from National Research Center for Hematology have developed a new method for assessing individual risks of intravascular platelet activation. The latter plays a crucial role in the development of various serious clinical situations such as heart attacks and strokes. The range of circumstances that may be associated with the development of intravascular coagulation is currently actively investigated worldwide. In particular, the onset of intravascular coagulation may be triggered by temporary spikes in blood pressure. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-08-scientists-approach-platelet.html Medical research Mon, 17 Aug 2020 12:29:26 EDT news516886163 Researchers at MIPT Laboratory of Terahertz Spectroscopy together with their Russian and international colleagues discovered a new phase of nanoconfined water; separate water molecules that are confined within nanocavities formed by ions of cordierite crystal lattice. The first reliable experimental observation of a phase transition in a network of dipole-dipole coupled water molecules is, in and of itself, an important fundamental breakthrough. But apart from that, the discovered phenomenon can also find practical applications in ferroelectrics, artificial quantum systems, and biocompatible nanoelectronics. https://phys.org/news/2020-08-phase-nanoconfined.html Nanomaterials Thu, 13 Aug 2020 16:27:40 EDT news516554855 Building on last year's breakthrough 'time reversal' experiment, two researchers from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and Argonne National Laboratory have published a new theoretical study in Communications Physics. While their previous paper dealt with a predefined quantum state, this time the physicists have devised a way to time-reverse the evolution of an object in an arbitrary, unknown state. https://phys.org/news/2020-08-thermal-chaos-quantum-unknown.html Quantum Physics Thu, 06 Aug 2020 12:29:13 EDT news515935734 Nanoparticles are actively employed in medicine as contrast agents as well as for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. However, the development of novel multifunctional nanoagents is impeded by the difficulty of monitoring their blood circulation. Researches from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, and Sirius University have developed a new noninvasive method of nanoparticle measurement in the bloodstream that boasts a high time resolution. This technique has revealed the basic parameters that affect particle lifetime in the bloodstream, which may potentially lead to discovery of new, more effective nanoagents to be used in biomedicine. The results of the study have been published in the Journal of Controlled Release. https://phys.org/news/2020-08-nanoparticles-behavior-vivo.html Bio & Medicine Tue, 04 Aug 2020 14:09:11 EDT news515768888