https://phys.org/ en-us Phys.org internet news portal provides the latest news on science including: Physics, Nanotechnology, Life Sciences, Space Science, Earth Science, Environment, Health and Medicine. The formation of complex terrestrial ecosystems was a significant innovation in the evolutionary history of life on Earth. This event signified the expansion of life beyond marine environments and marked the beginning of a new phase in the diversification of terrestrial biota. https://phys.org/news/2026-08-texas-fossil-reveals-early-insects.html Evolution Thu, 27 Aug 2026 17:20:05 EDT news707064181 A large-scale study of nearly 700 species reveals the evolutionary relationships and history of Neogastropoda, a diverse group of marine snails. The findings provide new evidence for their single origin, identify four new families and reveal a previously undetected burst of diversification in the early Cenozoic. https://phys.org/news/2026-08-shell-predators-early-cenozoic-boom.html Plants & Animals Mon, 24 Aug 2026 16:30:01 EDT news706806241 From a fishing trawler in the Adriatic, Italian scientists gently release thousands of tiny octopuses in the hope of fighting an invasive crab species that has devastated local fisheries. https://phys.org/news/2026-08-italian-scientists-octopus-crab-invasion.html Plants & Animals Wed, 19 Aug 2026 04:30:02 EDT news706332058 Researchers at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, have made an advance by using a natural substance from fungi called chitin to create hydrogels that are significantly stronger and tougher. This new material could lead to safer medical devices, longer-lasting coatings and other innovations that improve everyday technology and health care. https://phys.org/news/2026-08-fungal-chitin-route-tougher-hydrogels.html Biotechnology Tue, 11 Aug 2026 17:00:05 EDT news705670982 Inspired by naturally occurring mats and balls of seaweed, researchers have created highly porous, superadhesive meshes capable of capturing both large and small microplastic particles—a longstanding challenge in the field. The mesh can clean microplastics from both saltwater and freshwater and is made from sustainable, widely available biopolymers. https://phys.org/news/2026-08-tangled-seaweed-size-cleaners-ocean.html Cell & Microbiology Wed, 05 Aug 2026 14:00:11 EDT news705069181 Permafrost in the Arctic stores large quantities of organic carbon. When frozen ground thaws or coastal sections erode, this carbon can enter the sea, where microorganisms can break it down and convert it into climate-damaging greenhouse gases. The extent to which this carbon actually enters the atmosphere, however, and how much remains in the ocean have hardly been quantified to date. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-arctic-ocean-permafrost-carbon-firmly.html Earth Sciences Fri, 31 Jul 2026 05:00:03 EDT news704553542 Ports rank among the most disturbed marine environments. Pollutants like trash, oil and toxins from antifouling paints tend to accumulate in enclosed harbors. Invasive species arriving in ballast water may displace native wildlife, while ship propellers, sonars and dredging cause noise pollution that can interfere with animal communication. There is thus a great need for effective ways to clean up harbors. One promising method is renaturalization, in which hardy species that can survive under these conditions are deliberately introduced to act as pioneers. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-chicken-kidney-sponge-outstanding-polluted.html Ecology Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:02 EDT news704470921 Hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor host a broad range of rare and unusual ecosystems. They can be spread far apart, yet there is often overlap among the creatures that inhabit them. Researchers, including those from the University of Tokyo, are answering a long-standing question in this field about how creatures migrate between hydrothermal vents. Their approach involves inspecting the chemical nature of limpet shells to reconstruct their likely journeys, yielding some surprising results. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-deep-sea-larvae-sunlight-hydrothermal.html Ecology Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:00:09 EDT news703318177 Hyperiid amphipods are a small but anatomically diverse group of shrimp-like crustaceans with remarkable adaptations for life in the ocean's twilight zone. A team of researchers from MBARI, the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, GEOMAR, the University of Western Australia and the Florida Museum of Natural History leveraged 30 years of video observations from MBARI's robotic submersibles to study the evolution of eye complexity in hyperiid amphipods. The team recently published its findings in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-reveals-evolution-remarkable-eyes-deepsea.html Evolution Wed, 15 Jul 2026 12:00:01 EDT news703326587 A new Stanford-led study offers the clearest picture yet of how some ocean life survived our planet's biggest mass extinction while most animals did not. About 252 million years ago, 96% of marine species and 70% of land animals died off during the Permian–Triassic extinction event, known as the "Great Dying." Not all branches of the evolutionary tree were affected evenly, however. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-link-mass-extinction-dominant-marine.html Evolution Fri, 10 Jul 2026 07:42:09 EDT news702888087 Usually there's safety in numbers, but it doesn't always work that way. Fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) filter-feed on immense shoals of krill, engulfing colossal mouthfuls of water containing up to 144 kg of the crustaceans. But then the mighty creatures expel the water by squeezing it out through the racks of baleen lining their mouths. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-krill-buildup-fin-whale-filter.html Plants & Animals Thu, 09 Jul 2026 18:00:01 EDT news702794203 Scientists from a handful of universities across the country have made innovative use of satellite images from NASA to determine the diet of Antarctic Adélie penguins across the continent by studying their icy feces with a fidelity and frequency that could be captured only by space technology. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-penguin-poo-satellites-reveal-global.html Ecology Thu, 09 Jul 2026 11:00:02 EDT news702807956 Whether mussels, crustaceans or fish, marine animals have been responding to environmental crises with a reduction in body size for hundreds of millions of years. A new study by Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), in conjunction with the Universities of Warsaw and Lille, now shows that this phenomenon, known as the "Lilliput effect," is especially pronounced during phases of strong global warming. The researchers see it as a warning sign regarding changes to today's climate. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-paleontological-climate-marine-animals.html Evolution Fri, 03 Jul 2026 11:40:05 EDT news702290246 How did a large crab end up trapped inside a plastic bottle with an opening smaller than its body? Hiroshima University researchers investigated this unusual marine mystery, revealing a lesser-known impact of marine plastic pollution on crustaceans. https://phys.org/news/2026-07-crab-plastic-bottle-survives-months.html Plants & Animals Thu, 02 Jul 2026 09:00:01 EDT news702199921 When the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool turned green with algae just days after a US$15 million renovation, the U.S. government scrambled for chemicals and expensive technical solutions to fix the iconic landmark. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-pool-pond-green-algae-dont.html Environment Fri, 26 Jun 2026 09:20:06 EDT news701674321 In a rapidly changing climate landscape, the plants we rely on for food, textiles and more face a multitude of challenges, including rising temperatures, drought and disease. Caltech's Gözde Demirer, the Clare Boothe Luce Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, uses genetic engineering tools to make crops more resilient to such threats and enhance plant health. Now, she and a team of Caltech researchers have found a new solution to an old problem in an unlikely source: the zebra finch. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-bird-derived-gene-tool-inserts.html Biotechnology Mon, 22 Jun 2026 18:30:06 EDT news701368321 When Jasmin Imran Alsous peered down her microscope lens, she expected to see chaos—a mishmash of tangled cells. She was viewing the inside of a male fruit fly's sperm storage organ, using a powerful microscope at the CCBScope Observatory, the experimental biology lab at the Center for Computational Biology (CCB) at the Simons Foundation's Flatiron Institute in New York City. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-thousands-nature-longest-sperm-tiny.html Evolution Mon, 22 Jun 2026 14:20:15 EDT news701353213 A new study published in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society describes, for the first time in detail, the soft tissues preserved in Montsecosuchus depereti, a Lower Cretaceous crocodylomorph from the Pedrera de Meià site in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). The analysis, based on ultraviolet light, provides new clues to the coloration of these animals, as well as the evolution of the respiratory system. The research was led by the Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-skin-pattern-million-year-crocodile.html Paleontology & Fossils Wed, 17 Jun 2026 12:20:06 EDT news700909742 An international research team, including Dr. Nancy Mercado Salas from the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), has described a new family of copepods (Copepoda). The discovery was made at a depth of more than 2,500 meters in the Irminger Basin, southeast of Greenland, and provides new insights into the evolution of a group of animals that has hitherto been poorly understood. The findings are published in the journal PeerJ. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-deep-sea-discovery-uncovers-family.html Evolution Thu, 04 Jun 2026 18:00:03 EDT news699804601 Fossil fragments found in the U.K. have been identified as remains of the largest scorpions ever. Measuring more than a meter in length, Praearcturus gigas was among the first large predators to ever stalk the land. https://phys.org/news/2026-06-world-largest-scorpion-revealed-million.html Evolution Wed, 03 Jun 2026 09:40:02 EDT news699695521 Snakes are threatened with extinction in many places around the globe. Disease, often caused by parasites or fungi, is thought to be one of the key factors alongside habitat destruction. Prominent among fungal diseases is ophidiomycosis—also known as snake fungal disease—which is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola (Oo). In the 20 years since its discovery, it has been found in many snake species. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-rattlesnakes-vulnerable-fungal-disease-parasitic.html Ecology Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:01 EDT news698917321 What if some of the most important clues about marine biodiversity were already collected but never fully shared? That's the question that motivated a study, published in Biodiversity Data Journal. It brought together over 40 years of unpublished data on marine amphipods—ecologically crucial crustaceans—from across Italian waters. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-decades-overlooked-reveal-hidden-amphipod.html Plants & Animals Mon, 25 May 2026 17:20:03 EDT news698942641 Daphnia, commonly known as water fleas, are tiny crustaceans that live in freshwater ponds and lakes. When they sense predators in their surroundings, these small organisms can swiftly move away or adapt their body shape, for instance becoming rounder and forming large helmets or spines on their head, neck or tail. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-fleas-suddenly-helmets-key-receptors.html Ecology Sat, 16 May 2026 12:00:03 EDT news698065447 As ocean temperatures rise and marine ecosystems change, scientists are working to understand how valuable species like the American lobster will respond. New research from William & Mary's Batten School of Coastal & Marine Sciences & VIMS suggests that one source of resilience may come from the microscopic bacterial communities living on lobster embryos. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-lobster-embryo-microbiomes-resilient-future.html Ecology Sat, 16 May 2026 10:00:01 EDT news697991220 Daphnia, also known as water fleas, are artists of defense. When their predators live nearby, the water fleas change their body structure to make themselves more difficult to eat. Professor Linda Weiss from Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany and her team have identified a chemoreceptor gene family that encodes the corresponding receptors, and is thus involved in detecting predators' signals. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-fleas-predators.html Ecology Wed, 13 May 2026 14:56:33 EDT news697902961 There's increasing interest in deep-sea mining, but the impacts that this will have on the animals that live in the depths isn't fully understood. A new review led by our scientists is giving us our first insight into how this industry might affect some of the remotest environments in the world. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-decades-deep-sea-threat-seafloor.html Plants & Animals Tue, 05 May 2026 12:20:01 EDT news697196155 Researchers at Aarhus University have demonstrated that a simple adjustment to water filtration methods can dramatically improve the detection of marine animal DNA when using advanced, PCR-free sequencing. This methodological optimization could help clear a major bottleneck in aquatic biomonitoring and marine conservation efforts. The study is published in Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. https://phys.org/news/2026-05-simple-filter-swap-advance-marine.html Ecology Mon, 04 May 2026 07:20:01 EDT news697097461 For more than 270 million years, trilobites were among the most successful and diverse creatures on Earth, with over 22,000 known species spanning the Paleozoic Era. Yet, despite their abundance in the fossil record and their presence on every continent, one of the most fundamental questions about their survival has remained a subject of intense scientific debate: how did they breathe? https://phys.org/news/2026-04-life-ancient-mystery-trilobite-respiratory.html Evolution Tue, 21 Apr 2026 19:00:12 EDT news695979862 Researchers have provided new insights into the evolutionary origin of sideways walking in crabs. Their study, published today as a Reviewed Preprint in eLife, presents the largest comparative dataset on crab locomotion to help understand the origins of the animals' iconic walk, tracing it back to a common ancestor around 200 million years ago. eLife's editors say the work is valuable, with largely convincing evidence, and will be of interest to others studying animal locomotion. https://phys.org/news/2026-04-crabs-iconic-sideways-evolved-common.html Plants & Animals Tue, 21 Apr 2026 16:40:06 EDT news695994265 Beneath the lush rainforests of the Yucatan Peninsula lies a hidden, subterranean world: a vast network of flooded sinkholes and anchialine caves. These unique underwater systems, which mix fresh and saltwater and are influenced by the tides, have no open connection to the surface and have served as an evolutionary refuge for millions of years. https://phys.org/news/2026-04-tiny-cave-shrimps-power-underworld.html Evolution Mon, 20 Apr 2026 09:20:04 EDT news695893441