Quantum dots with finely-tuned spherical defects could enhance nonlinear optics

Quantum dots are semiconductor particles measuring just a few nanometers across, which are now widely studied for their intriguing electrical and optical properties. Through new research published in The European Physical Journal B, Kobra Hasanirokh at Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in Iran, together with Luay Hashem Abbud at Al-Mustaqbal University College, Iraq, show how quantum dots containing spherical defects can significantly enhance their nonlinear optical properties. By fine-tuning these defects, researchers could tightly control the frequency and brightness of the light emitted by quantum dots.

The duo's discoveries could lead to new advances in optoelectronic devices including LEDs and light-based computer circuits, which operate through the interaction between light and electricity. If achieved, improvements to this technology could significantly boost the speed of computing and communications systems.

Nonlinear optical properties can arise in some materials when they are illuminated with intense light, producing new photons with identical frequencies and waveforms to the original light. Increasingly, researchers are exploring the potential of third-order nonlinear optical processes, which generate photons with triple the frequency of the original light. Recent studies have shown that these processes are readily triggered in spherical quantum dots, containing spherical defects in the structure of their atomic lattices.

Building on this research, Hasanirokh and Abbud explored how third-order nonlinear susceptibility can be controlled by varying the numbers and sizes of these defects. In their study, the duo used mathematical techniques to consider multi-layered quantum dots containing a cadmium sulfide core and a zinc sulfide outer shell. These layers were separated by a spherical defect containing a carefully-adjusted mixture of cadmium, zinc, and sulfur.

By fine-tuning this structure, the researchers calculated that its third-order nonlinear optical properties could be considerably enhanced, allowing them to tightly control the brightness and frequency of the light produced. They now hope their results could inspire new techniques for quantum dot manufacturing, which could bring their advanced theoretical structure into reality.