February 2, 2023

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Fluorescent nematodes can help monitor indoor air impurities

by University of Turku

Nematodes used to monitor indoor air impurities
The transgenic nematodes used in this study express green fluorescent protein (GFP). Production of GFP is enhanced upon exposure of these millimeter-long nematodes to increasing concentrations of harmful compounds. The overall indoor air toxicity can be evaluated based on the amount of fluorescence as well as motility and mortality of the animals. In the figure on the left is an untreated control sample, and on the right a sample exposed to black mold (Stachybotrys sp.). Credit: Pathogens (2023). DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020161

Good quality indoor air is crucial to our well-being, while impurities in the air can compromise our working capacity and health. Researchers at the University of Turku in Finland have developed a new method for measuring indoor air quality, making use of fluorescent strains of nematodes.

Microbial or chemical contaminants in the air can be toxic or irritative and cause , asthma or other diseases in exposed individuals. However, there are currently no widely accepted methods for monitoring the risks associated with exposure to hazardous agents, so novel approaches are needed.

In a project carried out in the Department of Biology at the University of Turku, researchers developed a new method for indoor air diagnostics by taking advantage of transgenic strains of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. These strains produce (GFP) when forced to either smell or taste harmful biological or chemical impurities. The amount of this fluorescence can easily be measured by spectrometry.

"Such nematodes had previously been used to monitor the biological effects of heavy metals and other environmental agents, so we thought they might also be suitable for monitoring ," says the leader of the project, university lecturer Päivi Koskinen.

"When we exposed nematodes to fungal samples collected from moisture-damaged buildings, we indeed observed significantly increased amounts of fluorescence," continues Koskinen.

The researchers observed that with the new method, it is also possible to detect other impurities in the indoor air, such as surfactants used in cleaning products or produced by phthalates (softeners of plastic carpets) degrading under moist conditions.

"The nematodes cannot tell us what kind of toxic compounds there are in the air, but they can provide an unbiased opinion on health risks associated with indoor air and on the need for more thorough technical investigations," explains Koskinen.

The research article was published in Pathogens.

More information: Sari Paavanen-Huhtala et al, Biomonitoring of Indoor Air Fungal or Chemical Toxins with Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, Pathogens (2023). DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020161

Provided by University of Turku

Citation: Fluorescent nematodes can help monitor indoor air impurities (2023, February 2) retrieved 29 March 2023 from https://phys.org/news/2023-02-fluorescent-nematodes-indoor-air-impurities.html
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