Active camouflage artificial skin in visible-to-infrared range

Cephalopods' exceptional ability to hide against any background has inspired researchers to replicate their fascinating ability to camouflage in the infrared (IR) and visible spectrum. Recent advances offered a number of physical mechanisms to reproduce the cloaking functionalities of cephalopods. However, most of the work has focused on either camouflaging in the visible or IR camouflage range only: not dual modes in a single device structure that can readily switch between the visible and IR mode according to the situation.

Recently, Prof. Seung hwan Ko's group in Seoul National University in Republic of Korea demonstrated the visible-to-IR active and camouflage skin that provides an on-demand cloaking platform both in daylight and at night with a single input variable: Temperature (T). The soft thermoelectric device that is capable of active cooling and heating serves as a backbone structure to fine-tune the surface of each pixel and thereby enables thermal camouflage in the IR range by matching the ambient temperature. The Ko group further extended the camouflage range to the IR-to-visible spectrum by incorporating thermochromic liquid crystal at the surface that changes light reflectance (R) based on the device temperature, enabling the expression of a variety of colors by controling temperature. The camouflage system as a whole encompasses the two independent spectrums into a 'full spectrum' with a single soft structure by controlling temperature.

In addition to the device capability to camouflage during both day and night, the device is highly 'pixelized'. This way, the camouflage skin can blend into the sophisticated thermal and chromic background or even camouflage when it is in transient motion from one background to another. Finally, the group demonstrated the actual artificial camouflage skin on the human epidermis that is capable of camouflaging into a sophsticated background such as a bush or when moving from one background to another both in the IR and visible spectrum.

This research is published as a paper entitled "Thermally Controlled, Active Imperceptible Artificial Skin in Visible-to-Infrared Range" in the Advanced Functional Materials.