Geometric clusters of cyclones churn over Jupiter's poles

Geometric clusters of cyclones churn over Jupiter's poles
This picture of the Jupiter's South Pole is a mosaic of many images acquired by the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper at wavelengths around 5 µm during perijove pass #4. The images have been taken in different times while Juno was leaving the planet after the closest approach. What you see here is the heat (measured as radiance) coming out from the planet through the clouds: yellow indicates the presence of thinner clouds and dark red the thicker ones. Credit: NASA/SWRI/JPL/ASI/INAF/IAPS

Jupiter's poles are blanketed by geometric clusters of cyclones and its atmosphere is deeper than scientists suspected.

These are just some of the discoveries reported by four international research teams Wednesday, based on observations by NASA's Juno spacecraft circling Jupiter.

One group uncovered a constellation of nine cyclones over Jupiter's north pole and six over the south pole. The wind speeds exceed Category 5 hurricane strength in places, reaching 220 mph (350 kph).

The massive storms haven't changed position much—or merged—since observations began.

Team leader Alberto Adriani of Italy's National Institute for Astrophysics in Rome was surprised to find such complex structures. Scientists thought they'd find something similar to the six-sided cloud system spinning over Saturn's north pole.

"We were wrong about it," he said via email.

Instead, they found an octagon-shaped grouping over the , with eight cyclones surrounding one in the middle, and a pentagon-shaped batch over the . Each cyclone measures several thousand miles (kilometers) across.

The fifth planet from our sun, gas giant Jupiter is by far the largest planet in our solar system. Launched in 2011, Juno has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016 and peering beneath the thick ammonia clouds. It's only the second spacecraft to circle the planet; Galileo did it from 1995 to 2003.

Another of the studies in this week's journal Nature finds that Jupiter's crisscrossing east-west actually penetrate thousands of miles (kilometers) beneath the visible cloud tops. Refined measurements of Jupiter's uneven enabled the Weizmann Institute of Science's Yohai Kaspi in Rehovot, Israel, and his colleagues to calculate the depth of the jet streams at about 3,000 kilometers, or 1,865 miles.

"The result is a surprise because this indicates that the atmosphere of Jupiter is massive and extends much deeper than we previously expected," Kaspi said in an email.

By better understanding these strong jet streams and the gravity field, Kaspi said scientists can better decipher the core of Jupiter. A similar situation may be occurring at other big gas planets like Saturn, where the atmosphere could be even deeper than Jupiter's, he said.

Jonathan Fortney of the University of California, Santa Cruz, who was not involved in the research, called the findings "extremely robust" and said they show "high-precision measurements of a planet's gravitational field can be used to answer questions of deep planetary dynamics."

Using similar techniques, Juno could help scientists determine the depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, a colossal swirling storm, Fortney said in a companion article in the journal.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory researchers Glenn Orton and Fachreddin Tabataba-Vakili, who both took part in the cyclone study, said all these new discoveries "show Jupiter from a new perspective" unseen before Juno.

"We cannot say how many mysteries are left to uncover," they wrote in an email. "We are already finding way more fascinating results than we ever expected!"

More information: Y. Kaspi et al. Jupiter's atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep, Nature (2018). DOI: 10.1038/nature25793

Journal information: Nature

© 2018 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

Citation: Geometric clusters of cyclones churn over Jupiter's poles (2018, March 7) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://phys.org/news/2018-03-geometric-clusters-cyclones-churn-jupiter.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Image: Jupiter's swirling south pole

407 shares

Feedback to editors