News tagged with polymerase
New details about gene regulation explained
(Phys.org) -- When genetic information is read from the genetic blueprint DNA, RNA polymerase II translates it into RNA molecules. The C-terminal domain, abbreviated as CTD, is an important area of the polymerase ...
May 21, 2012 |
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Scientists observe single gene activity in living cells
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have for the first time observed the activity of a single gene in living cells. In an unprecedented study, published in the April 22 online edition ...
Apr 21, 2011 |
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Our genes can be set on pause
New evidence in embryonic stem cells shows that mammalian genes may all have a layer of control that acts essentially like the pause button on your DVR. The researchers say the results show that the pausing phenomenon, previously ...
Apr 29, 2010 |
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Study uncovers how DNA unfolds for transcription
(PhysOrg.com) -- The human genome contains some 3 billion base pairs that are tightly compacted into the nucleus of each cell. If a DNA strand were the thickness of a human hair, the entire human genome would ...
Jan 17, 2012 |
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Scientists crash test DNA's replication machinery
(PhysOrg.com) -- Important molecular machines routinely crash into one another while plying their trades on DNA. New research shows that the enzymes that copy DNA before cell division, called replisomes, are the kings of ...
Feb 10, 2010 |
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Everything flows in rapid diagnostic tests
(Phys.org) -- Our ability to detect pathogens has become quite good, but it usually requires complex laboratory techniques. Sometimes we need a quick result, or there is no laboratory nearby. Portable and ...
Chemistry / Analytical Chemistry
Apr 12, 2012 |
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Biologists offer clearer picture of how protein machine systems tweak gene expression
Indiana University biologists have found that specific types of RNA polymerase enzymes, the molecular machines that convert DNA into RNA, can differ in function based on variation in the parts -- in this case ...
Mar 01, 2012 |
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Chemists Discover How Cells Create Stability During Critical DNA-to-RNA Information Transfers
(PhysOrg.com) -- A pair of University of Massachusetts Amherst chemists believe they have for the first time explained how the main players in transcription -- RNA polymerase, RNA (red in illustration) and ...
Dec 29, 2009 |
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'Sloppier copier' surprisingly efficient
The "sloppier copier" discovered by USC biologists is also the best sixth man in the DNA repair game, an article in the journal Nature shows.
Jul 15, 2009 |
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Gene transcribing machine takes halting, backsliding trip along the DNA
(PhysOrg.com) -- The body's nanomachines that read our genes don't run as smoothly as previously thought, according to a new study by University of California, Berkeley, scientists.
Jul 30, 2009 |
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CSI: PCR-free techniques ID the most active microbes on the scene
Anyone who has watched one of the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation television shows knows that PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technology used to amplify the tiniest samples of DNA into forensic evidence ...
Sep 21, 2011 |
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Researchers demonstrate new DNA detection technique
A team of researchers from the University of Notre Dame have demonstrated a novel DNA detection method that could prove suitable for many real-world applications.
Dec 16, 2011 |
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Scientists tease DNA from eggshell of extinct birds
(PhysOrg.com) -- In a world first, scientists in Australia announced on Wednesday they had extracted DNA from the fossilised eggshells of extinct birds, including iconic giants such as the moa and elephant ...
Mar 09, 2010 |
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Want to silence a gene? Pull here
(PhysOrg.com) -- Simply stretching DNA can silence a gene, scientists at the UA have discovered. The finding could point to a previously unknown gene control mechanism.
Mar 21, 2011 |
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Chaperone enzyme provides new target for cancer treatments
UNC scientists who study how cells repair damage from environmental factors like sunlight and cigarette smoke have discovered how a "chaperone" enzyme plays a key role in cells' ability to tolerate the DNA damage that leads ...
Jan 18, 2011 |
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Polymerase
A polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) is an enzyme whose central function is associated with polymers of nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA. The primary function of a polymerase is the polymerization of new DNA or RNA against an existing DNA or RNA template in the processes of replication and transcription. In association with a cluster of other enzymes and proteins, they take nucleotides from solvent, and catalyse the synthesis of a polynucleotide sequence against a nucleotide template strand using base-pairing interactions.
It is an accident of history that the enzymes responsible for the catalytic production of other biopolymers are not also referred to as polymerases.
One particular polymerase, from the thermophilic bacterium, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) (PDB 1BGX, EC 2.7.7.7) is of vital commercial importance due to its use in the polymerase chain reaction, a widely used technique of molecular biology.
Other well-known polymerases include:
For more information about Polymerase, read the full article at
Wikipedia.
This text uses material from Wikipedia and is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.
