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China tests 500 kilometers per hour train

(PhysOrg.com) -- China tested a 500 kilometers per hour (311 mph) train over the weekend. Government officials call the record-breaking speedster a “useful reference” for China’s current high ...

Technology / Engineering

created Dec 27, 2011 | popularity 4.4 / 5 (27) | comments 44 | with audio podcast report

Graphene foam detects explosives, emissions better than today's gas sensors

(PhysOrg.com) -- A new study from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrates how graphene foam can outperform leading commercial gas sensors in detecting potentially dangerous and explosive chemicals. The ...

Nanotechnology / Nanomaterials

created Nov 24, 2011 | popularity 3.9 / 5 (8) | comments 3 | with audio podcast

Hitting snooze on the molecular clock: Rabies evolves slower in hibernating bats

The rate at which the rabies virus evolves in bats may depend heavily upon the ecological traits of its hosts, according to researchers at the University of Georgia, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ...

Biology / Plants & Animals

created May 18, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0 | with audio podcast

US sues Apple, publishers over e-book prices

(AP) -- The government says avid best-seller readers who use electronic books have been getting ripped off. Tina Fey's "Bossy Pants," Tim Tebow's "Through My Eyes" and Keith Richards' `"Life" - maybe they ...

Technology / Business

created Apr 11, 2012 | popularity 4.7 / 5 (7) | comments 19

Anonymous says it hacked Chinese government sites

(AP) -- China was struggling Thursday to restore several government websites that international hacking group Anonymous says it attacked in an apparent protest against Chinese Internet restrictions.

Technology / Internet

created Apr 05, 2012 | popularity 3.7 / 5 (3) | comments 0

FTC seeks law to shed more light on data brokers

(AP) -- The Federal Trade Commission is calling for a new law that would allow people to review the vast amounts of information being collected about them as the Internet, smartphones and other technology make it easier ...

Technology / Internet

created Mar 27, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 1

Nevada approves regulations for self-driving cars

Nevada is becoming the first state to regulate self-driving vehicles on its roadways.

Technology / Hi Tech & Innovation

created Feb 16, 2012 | popularity 4.6 / 5 (16) | comments 3

FCC plans to nix wireless network that may jam GPS

Federal officials are effectively killing a private company's plans to start a national high-speed wireless broadband network after concluding it would in some cases jam GPS devices.

Technology / Telecom

created Feb 15, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 4

Hackers intercept FBI, Scotland Yard call (Update)

(AP) -- Trading jokes and swapping leads, investigators from the FBI and Scotland Yard spent the conference call strategizing about how to bring down the hacking collective known as Anonymous, responsible ...

Technology / Internet

created Feb 03, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (11) | comments 81

US, British officials victims of Stratfor hack: press

Email addresses and passwords belonging to British, US and NATO officials were posted online following the hacking of a US intelligence analysis firm over Christmas, the Guardian daily reported Monday.

Technology / Internet

created Jan 09, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0

Weather deserves medal for clean air during 2008 Olympics

(PhysOrg.com) -- New research suggests that China's impressive feat of cutting Beijing's pollution up to 50 percent for the 2008 Summer Olympics had some help from Mother Nature. Rain just at the beginning ...

Space & Earth / Earth Sciences

created Dec 28, 2011 | popularity 2.5 / 5 (2) | comments 2 | with audio podcast

Federal report: Arctic much worse since 2006

(AP) -- Federal officials say the Arctic region has changed dramatically in the past five years - for the worse.

Space & Earth / Environment

created Dec 01, 2011 | popularity 4.9 / 5 (11) | comments 15

China 'has Australia space tracking station'

China has acquired a space tracking station in Australia, its first such facility in a close US ally, a news report said on Saturday.

Space & Earth / Space Exploration

created Nov 06, 2011 | popularity 5 / 5 (3) | comments 6

Healthy marriage interventions: A boon or a bust?

Conventional wisdom, backed by years of research, suggests that healthy marriages equals a healthy society. And politicians and government officials have taken note, investing hundreds of millions of dollars each year in ...

Other Sciences / Social Sciences

created May 22, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (2) | comments 0

Mercury in dolphins: Study compares toxin levels in captive and wild sea mammals

Amid growing concerns about the spread of harmful mercury in plants and animals, a new study by researchers from The Johns Hopkins University and The National Aquarium has compared levels of the chemical in ...

Biology / Ecology

created May 21, 2012 | popularity 3.3 / 5 (4) | comments 0

Official

An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either his own or that of his superior and/or employer, public or legally private).

A government official or functionary is an official who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, selection, or employment. A bureaucrat is a member of the bureaucracy. An elected official is a person who is an official by virtue of an election. Officials may also be appointed ex officio (by virtue of another office, often in a specified capacity, such as presiding, advisory, secretary). Some official positions may be inherited.

A person who currently holds an office is referred to as an incumbent.

The word official as a noun has been recorded since the Middle English period, first seen in 1314.[citation needed] It comes from the Old French official (12th century), from the Latin officialis ("attendant to a magistrate, public official"), the noun use of the original adjective officialis ("of or belonging to duty, service, or office") from officium ("office"). The meaning "person in charge of some public work or duty" was first recorded in 1555. The adjective is first attested in English in 1533, via the Old French oficial.

The informal term officialese, the jargon of "officialdom", was first recorded in 1884.

For more information about Official, read the full article at Wikipedia.
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