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Japan's runaway penguin suffering from pink-eye

A plucky penguin that was recaptured last week after nearly three months at large in the polluted waters of Tokyo Bay has conjunctivitis, an aquarium official said Monday.

Biology / Plants & Animals

created May 28, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 1

Healthy marriage interventions: A boon or a bust?

Conventional wisdom, backed by years of research, suggests that healthy marriages equals a healthy society. And politicians and government officials have taken note, investing hundreds of millions of dollars each year in ...

Other Sciences / Social Sciences

created May 22, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (2) | comments 0

US Earth observations, science and services are critical to society but are at risk

Earth observations, science, and services (Earth OSS) inform and guide the activities of virtually all economic sectors and innumerable institutions underlying modern civilization, according to a new study by the American ...

Space & Earth / Earth Sciences

created May 22, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 0

Mercury in dolphins: Study compares toxin levels in captive and wild sea mammals

Amid growing concerns about the spread of harmful mercury in plants and animals, a new study by researchers from The Johns Hopkins University and The National Aquarium has compared levels of the chemical in ...

Biology / Ecology

created May 21, 2012 | popularity 3.3 / 5 (4) | comments 0

Hitting snooze on the molecular clock: Rabies evolves slower in hibernating bats

The rate at which the rabies virus evolves in bats may depend heavily upon the ecological traits of its hosts, according to researchers at the University of Georgia, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ...

Biology / Plants & Animals

created May 18, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Clash in US on mobile privacy protection

Law enforcement officials and civil liberties advocates clashed Thursday at a US congressional hearing on a proposed law to protect the "location privacy" of people using mobile phones.

Technology / Other

created May 17, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 1

Exxon Valdez oil spill tanker banned from India

The Exxon Valdez tanker that was involved in a huge oil spill off Alaska in 1989 has been banned from entering India where it was due to be dismantled, state officials said Wednesday.

Space & Earth / Environment

created May 09, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0

US, China to cooperate more on cyber threat

(AP) -- Asserting that cyberattacks against the U.S. don't come only from China, the U.S. and Chinese defense ministers said they agreed Monday to work together on cyber issues to avoid miscalculations that ...

Technology / Internet

created May 08, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 0

Researchers create dynamic view of city based on Foursquare check-in data

The millions of "check-ins" generated by foursquare, the location-based social networking site, can be used to create a dynamic view of a city's workings and character, Carnegie Mellon University researchers say. In contrast ...

Technology / Internet

created May 01, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 0

US seizes websites in stolen credit card crackdown

US authorities have ordered the seizure of 36 websites engaged in selling and distributing stolen credit card numbers, officials said Thursday.

Technology / Internet

created Apr 26, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0

Hollywood warms to China's new openness

(AP) -- There's a new breach in China's great cultural wall and Hollywood is cautiously moving in.

Technology / Business

created Apr 16, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 1

US sues Apple, publishers over e-book prices

(AP) -- The government says avid best-seller readers who use electronic books have been getting ripped off. Tina Fey's "Bossy Pants," Tim Tebow's "Through My Eyes" and Keith Richards' `"Life" - maybe they ...

Technology / Business

created Apr 11, 2012 | popularity 4.7 / 5 (7) | comments 19

Utah breach affects 25,000 Social Security numbers

(AP) -- Utah health officials said Friday that hackers who broke into state computers last weekend stole far more medical records than originally thought, and the data likely includes Social Security numbers of children ...

Technology / Internet

created Apr 06, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0

Anonymous says it hacked Chinese government sites

(AP) -- China was struggling Thursday to restore several government websites that international hacking group Anonymous says it attacked in an apparent protest against Chinese Internet restrictions.

Technology / Internet

created Apr 05, 2012 | popularity 3.7 / 5 (3) | comments 0

RI to get $230M from $500M Google forfeiture

(AP) -- Rhode Island law enforcement agencies that participated in an investigation that resulted in Google Inc. forfeiting $500 million last year will receive $230 million of that money, federal officials said Monday.

Technology / Business

created Apr 02, 2012 | popularity 4 / 5 (1) | comments 0

Official

An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either his own or that of his superior and/or employer, public or legally private).

A government official or functionary is an official who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, selection, or employment. A bureaucrat is a member of the bureaucracy. An elected official is a person who is an official by virtue of an election. Officials may also be appointed ex officio (by virtue of another office, often in a specified capacity, such as presiding, advisory, secretary). Some official positions may be inherited.

A person who currently holds an office is referred to as an incumbent.

The word official as a noun has been recorded since the Middle English period, first seen in 1314.[citation needed] It comes from the Old French official (12th century), from the Latin officialis ("attendant to a magistrate, public official"), the noun use of the original adjective officialis ("of or belonging to duty, service, or office") from officium ("office"). The meaning "person in charge of some public work or duty" was first recorded in 1555. The adjective is first attested in English in 1533, via the Old French oficial.

The informal term officialese, the jargon of "officialdom", was first recorded in 1884.

For more information about Official, read the full article at Wikipedia.
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