(Phys.org)—Physicists have reported some of the strongest evidence yet that that the quantum world does not obey local realism by demonstrating new evidence for the existence of quantum entanglement. By performing an essentially ...
(Phys.org)—Stars, quasars, and other celestial objects generate photons in a random way, and now scientists have taken advantage of this randomness to generate random numbers at rates of more than one million numbers per ...
(Phys.org)—Theoretically, the laws of quantum mechanics – particularly the "no-cloning theorem" – guarantee that any attempt at counterfeiting a credit card, bill, coin, token, etc., will fail if the object is embedded ...
(PhysOrg.com) -- In quantum cryptography, scientists use quantum mechanical effects to encrypt and then communicate confidential information. Although quantum cryptography codes are unbreakable in principle, even the best ...
(PhysOrg.com) -- The latest test in quantum mechanics provides even stronger support than before for the view that nature violates local realism and is thus in contradiction with a classical worldview. By performing an experiment ...
Adding to strong recent demonstrations that particles of light perform what Einstein called "spooky action at a distance," in which two separated objects can have a connection that exceeds everyday experience, physicists ...
Quantum Physics
Mar 28, 2017
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(Phys.org) —An international team of researchers has reached a milestone in experimental confirmation of a key tenet of quantum mechanics, using ultra-sensitive photon detectors devised by PML scientists.
Quantum Physics
Jun 11, 2013
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In a new study, researchers demonstrate creative tactics to get rid of loopholes that have long confounded tests of quantum mechanics. With their innovative method, the researchers were able to demonstrate quantum interactions ...
Optics & Photonics
Aug 22, 2019
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(Phys.org)—A team of researchers working at Delft University in The Netherlands, has perhaps succeeded in closing the two loopholes that have prevented proving that local realism does not hold at the quantum level. They ...
(Phys.org) —BugBuster: one bot can test almost every function on a website. This tiny revolution for web developers means great gains in time and reliability. To overcome problems that come with using websites, which can ...
Computer Sciences
Jun 3, 2013
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A loophole is an ambiguity in a system, such as a law or security, which can be used to circumvent or otherwise avoid the intent, implied or explicitly stated, of the system. Loopholes are searched for and used strategically in a variety of circumstances, including taxes, elections, politics, the criminal justice system, or in breaches of security.
Historically, arrowslits were narrow vertical windows from which castle defenders launched arrows from a sheltered position, and were also referred to as "loopholes." Thus a loophole in a law often contravenes the intent of the law without technically breaking it, much as the small slit window in a castle wall provides the only ready means of gaining entry without breaching or destroying the wall or a gate. For example, in some places, one may avoid paying taxes to the jurisdiction by forming a second residence in another location, or a commercial property can be built in a residential zone if it is made also for residential use.[citation needed]
In a security system, the one who breaches the system (such as an inmate escaping from prison) exploits the loophole during breach. Such weaknesses are often studied in advance by the violator, who spends time observing and learning the routine of the system and sometimes conducts surreptitious tests until such a loophole can be found.
Examples of legal loopholes:
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