News tagged with cell metabolism

Cyborg snail produces electricity

(PhysOrg.com) -- First it was grapes, then cockroaches, and now snails have become the latest organism to generate electricity through an implanted biofuel cell. The process works similarly in all three situations: ...

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Mar 15, 2012 | popularity 4.2 / 5 (13) | comments 6 | with audio podcast report

Study dusts sugar coating off little-known regulation in cells

In Alzheimer's disease, brain neurons become clogged with tangled proteins. Scientists suspect these tangles arise partly due to malfunctions in a little-known regulatory system within cells. Now, researchers have dramatically ...

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Apr 16, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (2) | comments 1 | with audio podcast

Molecular spectroscopy tracks living mammalian cells in real time as they differentiate

Knowing how a living cell works means knowing how the chemistry inside the cell changes as the functions of the cell change. Protein phosphorylation, for example, controls everything from cell proliferation ...

Chemistry / Analytical Chemistry

created Apr 30, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (1) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Scientists discover animal-like urea cycle in tiny diatoms in the ocean

Scientists have discovered that marine diatoms, tiny phytoplankton abundant in the sea, have an animal-like urea cycle, and that this cycle enables the diatoms to efficiently use carbon and nitrogen from their ...

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created May 11, 2011 | popularity 5 / 5 (2) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Chili peppers come with blood pressure benefits

For those with high blood pressure, chili peppers might be just what the doctor ordered, according to a study reported in the August issue of Cell Metabolism. While the active ingredient that gives the peppers their heat - ...

Medicine & Health / Medical research

created Aug 03, 2010 | popularity 4.9 / 5 (12) | comments 2 | with audio podcast

Insulin, nutrition prevent blood stem cell differentiation in fruit flies

UCLA stem cell researchers have shown that insulin and nutrition keep blood stem cells from differentiating into mature blood cells in Drosophila, the common fruit fly, a finding that has implications for studying inflammatory ...

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created Mar 12, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0 | with audio podcast

The future of metabolic engineering -- designer molecules, cells and microorganisms

(PhysOrg.com) -- Will we one day design and create molecules, cells and microorganisms that produce specific chemical products from simple, readily-available, inexpensive starting materials? Will the synthetic ...

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Dec 02, 2010 | popularity 5 / 5 (6) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

New test spots early signs of mucopolysaccharidoses -- inherited metabolic disorders

A team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Zacharon Pharmaceuticals, have developed a simple, reliable test for identifying biomarkers for mucopolysaccharidoses ...

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Jan 08, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 1 | with audio podcast

Metabolic errors can spell doom for DNA

Many critical cell functions depend on a class of molecules called purines, which form half of the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and are a major component of the chemicals that store a cell’s energy. ...

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created Jan 31, 2012 | popularity not rated yet | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Fruit fly intestine may hold secret to the fountain of youth

One of the few reliable ways to extend an organism's lifespan, be it a fruit fly or a mouse, is to restrict calorie intake. Now, a new study in fruit flies is helping to explain why such minimal diets are ...

Biology / Biotechnology

created Nov 02, 2011 | popularity 4.9 / 5 (17) | comments 3 | with audio podcast

Uncharted territory: Scientists sequence the first carbohydrate biopolymer

(PhysOrg.com) -- DNA and protein sequencing have forever transformed science, medicine, and society. Understanding the structure of these complex biomolecules has revolutionized drug development, medical diagnostics, ...

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Oct 11, 2011 | popularity 5 / 5 (5) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Aging-related degeneration caused by defects of energy metabolism in tissue stem cells?

Aging-related tissue degeneration can be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in tissue stem cells. The research group of Professor Anu Suomalainen Wartiovaara in Helsinki University, with their collaborators in Max Planck ...

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created Jan 03, 2012 | popularity 5 / 5 (3) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

New membrane lipid measuring technique may help fight disease

Could controlling cell-membrane fat play a key role in turning off disease?

Chemistry / Biochemistry

created Oct 09, 2011 | popularity 5 / 5 (3) | comments 0 | with audio podcast

Turning bacteria against themselves

Bacteria often attack with toxins designed to hijack or even kill host cells. To avoid self-destruction, bacteria have ways of protecting themselves from their own toxins.

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created Feb 08, 2011 | popularity 5 / 5 (4) | comments 2 | with audio podcast

Apple peel makes mice mighty

For Popeye, spinach was the key to extra muscle. For the mice in a new University of Iowa study, it was apples, or more precisely a waxy substance called ursolic acid that's found in apple peel.

Biology / Cell & Microbiology

created Jun 07, 2011 | popularity not rated yet | comments 2 | with audio podcast

Metabolism

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories. Catabolism breaks down organic matter, for example to harvest energy in cellular respiration. Anabolism, on the other hand, uses energy to construct components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed into another by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable but thermodynamically unfavorable reactions by coupling them to favorable ones, and because they act as catalysts to allow these reactions to proceed quickly and efficiently. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells.

The metabolism of an organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which it will find poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, also influences how much food an organism will require.

A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacteria Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolism are most likely the result of the high efficiency of these pathways, and of their early appearance in evolutionary history.

For more information about Metabolism, read the full article at Wikipedia.
This text uses material from Wikipedia and is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.