Life possible on 'large parts' of Mars: study
December 12, 2011 by Amy Coopes
This NASA computer-generated image depicts part of Mars at the boundary between darkness and daylight, with an area including Gale Crater, beginning to catch morning light. Australian scientists who modelled conditions on Mars to examine how much of the red planet was habitable said that "large regions" could sustain life.
Australian scientists who modelled conditions on Mars to examine how much of the red planet was habitable said that "large regions" could sustain life.
Charley Lineweaver's team, from the Australian National University, compared models of temperature and pressure conditions on Earth with those on Mars to estimate how much of the distant planet was liveable for Earth-like organisms.
While just one percent of Earth's volume -- from core to upper atmosphere -- was occupied by life, Lineweaver said their world-first modelling showed three percent of Mars was habitable, though most of it was underground.
"What we tried to do, simply, was take almost all of the information we could and put it together and say 'is the big picture consistent with there being life on Mars?'," the astrobiologist told AFP on Monday.
"And the simple answer is yes... There are large regions of Mars that are compatible with terrestrial life."
This NASA image, taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2010, shows the west-facing side of an impact crater in the mid-latitudes of Mars' northern hemisphere. Australian scientists who modelled conditions on Mars to examine how much of the red planet was habitable said that "large regions" could sustain life.
Where previous studies had taken a "piecemeal" approach by examining particular sites on Mars for signs of life, Lineweaver said his research was a "comprehensive compilation" of the entire planet using decades of data.Frozen water has been found at the poles on Mars and the ANU study examined how much of the planet could sustain water "that could be habitable by Earth-like standards by Earth-like microbes".
The low-pressure environment of Mars means water cannot exist as a liquid and will vaporise on the surface, but Lineweaver said the conditions are right underground, where the weight of the soil gives the added pressure required.
It would also be warm enough, at certain depths, for bacteria and other micro-organisms to thrive due to heat from the planet's core.
The average surface temperature on Mars, Earth's nearest neighbour, is minus 63 degrees Celsius (minus 81 Fahrenheit).
Lineweaver said his study was "the best estimate yet published of how habitable Mars is to terrestrial microbes" and a significant finding given mankind had evolved from microbial life.
This artist concept shows NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover, a mobile robot for investigating Mars' past or present ability to sustain microbial life.
"It's not important if you want to figure out what the laws of physics are and you want to talk to some intelligent aliens who could build spaceships," he said."If you're interested in the origin of life and how likely life is to get started on other planets, that's what relevant here."
NASA's Curiosity Rover, the largest, most sophisticated robotic explorer ever built, is en route to Mars and due to land in August 2012.
It has a laser beam for zapping rocks and a tool kit to analyse their contents as well as a robotic arm, drill, cameras and sensors to enable it to report back on the Martian weather and atmospheric radiation.
Curiosity is scheduled to land at the Gale Crater, near Mars' equator, chosen for its five kilometre (three mile) high sediment mountain which will hopefully reveal clues about the planet's wetter past
Lineweaver said the NASA mission "sadly" did not have the capability to dig deep enough to find the life his study had modelled but Curiosity would be able to examine "at least the edges" of what was once the Martian depths at the crater.
"But these have been exposed for a long time and therefore are probably devoid of volatiles and they are not warm like they used to be," he said.
Lineweaver's paper was published Monday in the scientific journal Astrobiology.
(c) 2011 AFP
-
From lemons to lemonade: Reaction uses carbon dioxide to make carbon-based semiconductor,
32 comments
-
Thioridazine kills cancer stem cells in human while avoiding toxic side-effects of conventional cancer treatments,
3 comments
-
SpaceX private rocket blasts off for space station (Update),
42 comments
-
Climate scientists say they have solved riddle of rising sea,
31 comments
-
SpaceX capsule has 'new car' smell, astronauts say (Update),
4 comments
-
Distance of planets from stars and revolution
5 hours ago
-
revamping general concept and cosmological principle
May 25, 2012
-
Transiting Exoplanet Light Curve
May 25, 2012
-
Math behind Theoretical Physics
May 24, 2012
-
Do we know whats at the center of galaxies yet?
May 23, 2012
-
Structure of the Milky Way?
May 20, 2012
- More from Physics Forums - General Astronomy
More news stories
Land and sea species differ in climate change response: study
(Phys.org) -- Marine and terrestrial species will likely differ in their responses to climate warming, new research by Simon Fraser University and Australia’s University of Tasmania has found.
3 hours ago |
3.7 / 5 (3) |
2
|
Yale study concludes public apathy over climate change unrelated to science literacy
Are members of the public divided about climate change because they don't understand the science behind it? If Americans knew more basic science and were more proficient in technical reasoning, would public consensus match ...
5 hours ago |
4.8 / 5 (4) |
11
|
10 million years needed to recover from mass extinction
It took some 10 million years for Earth to recover from the greatest mass extinction of all time, latest research has revealed.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
5 hours ago |
5 / 5 (3) |
1
|
Sophisticated simulations predict future warming
The chances of our planet being hit by a global warming of 3 degrees Celsius by 2050 is as likely as it being hit by an increase of 1.4 degrees, new research shows. Presented in the journal Nature Geoscience, the British study ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
May 22, 2012 |
4.4 / 5 (9) |
51
Aliens don't want to eat us, says former SETI director
Alien life probably isnt interested in having us for dinner, enslaving us or laying eggs in our bellies, according to a recent statement by former SETI director Jill Tarter.
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
May 25, 2012 |
4.4 / 5 (14) |
40
Nvidia trumpets Tegra 3 phone design wins for 2012
(Phys.org) -- Nvidias competitive war paint has a name, Tegra 3. On the heels of Nvidia announcements about lowering costs of its Tegra 3 processors and Nvidia-enabled tablets running Android Ice Cream ...
'Unzipped' carbon nanotubes could help energize fuel cells, batteries
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes riddled with defects and impurities on the outside could replace some of the expensive platinum catalysts used in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, according to scientists at ...
T cells 'hunt' parasites like animal predators seek prey, study shows
By pairing an intimate knowledge of immune-system function with a deep understanding of statistical physics, a cross-disciplinary team at the University of Pennsylvania has arrived at a surprising finding: T cells use a movement ...
Computer model used to pinpoint prime materials for efficient carbon capture
When power plants begin capturing their carbon emissions to reduce greenhouse gases and to most in the electric power industry, it's a question of when, not if it will be an expensive undertaking.
Change in developmental timing was crucial in the evolutionary shift from dinosaurs to birds: study
At first glance, it's hard to see how a common house sparrow and a Tyrannosaurus Rex might have anything in common. After all, one is a bird that weighs less than an ounce, and the other is a dinosaur that ...
Scientist: Evolution debate will soon be history
(AP) -- Richard Leakey predicts skepticism over evolution will soon be history. Not that the avowed atheist has any doubts himself.


Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 1.2 / 5 (41)
Having therefore made the mistake here, the philosophers are now extending the same faulty thought pattern to other planets. If one firmly believes that we "evolved" from one simple organism, then one will find all the evidence in support of such an idea - quite contrary to every piece of commonsense [ and plain high school science ] will tell you. The philosophers are blithely ignoring the fact that everything tends to go from organized state to disorganization. Not the other way around as required by "evolution". But if you're committed to there being no creator, then that's all you're left with - everything needs to have made itself.
So billions of dollars are going to be spend on that premise. Not that it won't deliver some useful and educational information - it will always expand our knowledge of other planets. Maybe just not the way the researchers would have expected.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.9 / 5 (26)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (22)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.7 / 5 (13)
It's not like we're going to blow up Mars.
..right ?
......why are looking at me like that ?
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (21)
They are scientists, not philosophers.
A projection common among creationists. They can't get their head around a system of knowledge that isn't based on dogma and supreme authority. Because they start with their conclusions and warp the facts to fit they pretend everyone else does too.
Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen - Albert Einstein.
Somebody missed the high school class on entropy.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (11)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (12)
Kev resorts to lies in order to spread his message. No one likes a liar kev, especially not your God.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (11)
That's if there aren't any life forms already indigenous to Mars.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (11)
shut up and keep your criticisms to yourself kevin.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
Curious to see what Curiosity picks up!
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (2)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (8)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
I think genetically engineered lichens would be a good start :)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
Mars cannot be "Terraformed" in the classic science fiction sense, at least not with any existing technology, because there simply isn't enough energy available.
Mars is experiencing a run-away greenhouse effect. There is something like 30 times more CO2 in mars' atmosphere than there is in Earth's atmosphere. Not even counting the CO2 ice everywhere.
Even still it's average temperature is similar to Antarctica's record low temperature, even in the middle of a runaway greenhouse effect.
...Now giant biodomes and stuff like that, yeah, it's doable.
But "Doom" style terraforming the entire planet probably would be very, very hard or impossible, even to a Type 2 civilization.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
So assuming you could do that, then "yeah" you could Terraform Mars with the elements available in the Solar System:
Water from the icy moons.
Nitrogen from Earth or somewhere, we got more than we need I'm sure.
Titan has more than enough hydro-carbons to provide carbon for life, if Mars is low on budget, but I'm pretty sure Mars has similar carbon ratios to Earth anyway.
If you had inexhaustible energy figured out, yeah, no reason you couldn't do that on a planetary scale:
Zero point Modulus (LOL?)
Move mars 10% closer to the Sun.
Give it an artificial magnetic field.
Add enough O2 and N2 from Europa's Water and elsewhere to Increase it's atmospheric pressure by a factor of 95.
Could even live outside on the surface then..
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (9)
You're probably right on his motivations, and I generally agree that debating loons gives them a credibility they don't deserve. In my experience though, in blog comments, these same loons take silence as submission, and will declare their victory to those same doubtful followers and proudly direct them to the page where the heathen were unable to challenge them. Its worth the 5 minutes it takes to expose the rubbish they write just to prevent this, for the sake of those gullible doubters. I don't think for a minute that Kevin will learn anything from replies, but it prevents him from using it as propaganda to the weak minded.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.1 / 5 (9)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (8)
I doubt it. :)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (9)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
What about if we take what we're currently doing on Earth, and do exactly the same thing on Mars by releasing CO2 into the atmosphere?
I guess you're right. But Mars still has a very thin, tenuous atmosphere compared to Earth. I guess if you could thicken the atmosphere somehow..
Yeah, you're probably right about that. Even with our current technology colonizing Antarctica proves to be tough, in itself. And the conditions of current day Mars are much more extreme.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
That's not a bad idea. Probably the more efficient thing to do. Especially considering that terraforming could take more than a lifetime to achieve.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
There are many possibilities for creating more congenial conditions on the planet:
http://en.wikiped..._of_Mars
-And if hydrocarbons are as plentiful on mars as they are elsewhere in the system, they may not have to be imported.
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
@Callippo. . .There will be a continuation of improved robotics sent to Mars, as the technology for sending humans there and back safely doesn't exist yet. As for terraforming the planet, all nations will have to agree on the best possible way to go about doing that, since Mars may already be populated underground and a prime directive has to be decided on and signed by all countries as to the nature of a protocol in the event that large life forms are encountered by humans in the future on Mars. The fact that Methane has been detected by spectroscopy would indicate that, if not from volcanism, then from high amounts of life forms, microbes or some other type. It's an exciting time for me and my group and other Mars researchers who are familiar with our work. NASA is getting closer and closer to a full revelation. :)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (5)
Dec 12, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (6)
There ISN'T enough energy available.
to move the amount of material that is needed you need fusion rocketry at the least. FUSION rocketry OR BETTER.
It actually takes MUCH of the mass of a Comet being fused and/or used as propellant in order to push it into an orbit to collide with Mars.
Think about how much energy it would take to move lots of Nitrogen and Ammonia from Earth, or somewhere, to Mars, or how much it'd take to get out to Europa or Titan, mine a big MONSTER sized payload of water or Methane, and bring it back to Mars.
You'd need billions of ships in constant circuit for many, many years.
Anyone capable of doing it would have no practical reason to do so, because they'd have energy and resources figured out anyway, obviously...if they can live in space and move that much mass around enough to do it...
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (9)
umm no, a well placed nudge would divert a comet nicely, no requirement for fusion or using any of the comets mass, just a small nuke well timed would do the trick.
This is just hilarious, if it werent so sad. How on Mars did it ever get so cold with soooo much CO2? But whatever 'Greenhouse theory effect' there is on Mars, it isnt 'runaway' because if it were it would be warmer there because those CO2 caps you mention would have melted. Right?
This is just your adherence to the dogma of Climate stupidity making you look like a moron again.
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
This post clearly reveils his poor understanding of climate change !
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
This has been done by the Viking mission to Mars and its biological experiments. The Viking LR detected strong signs of metabolism (microbes) in Martian soil at both Viking landing sites (see the website of the Viking LR PI http://gillevin.com/mars.htm).
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
http://en.wikiped...voidance
-You keep blathering and I'll keep referencing experts who will always prove you wrong.
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (6)
It seems that Dr. Gil Levin's research has been vindicated more recently with NASA's detection of Methane in several regions of Mars.
Dec 13, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
Dec 14, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Dec 14, 2011
Rank: 2 / 5 (4)
Dec 14, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
You're confusing electromagnetic radiation with ionising radiation, a common misconception. Harmless sunlight is solar electromagnetic radiation, in the visible frequencies. You can get a pretty serious dose of x-rays just by flying frequently, but it won't make you radioactive. The major risk to astronauts is high energy cosmic rays, which can cause physical damage to DNA at the cellular level, but won't make them actually radioactive.
To make something radioactive you have to contaminate it with a radioactive isotope or bombard it with enough neutrons to create unstable isotopes in the material, its pretty hard to do.
Dec 23, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)