Researchers show ATM theft by thermal imaging
September 1, 2011 by Nancy Owano
Image credit: Keaton Mowery
(PhysOrg.com) -- A paper presented at the August USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security '11) in San Francisco explains how PINs can be stolen using digital cameras capable of thermal imaging. The paper, "Heat of the Moment: Characterizing the Efficacy of Thermal Camera-Based Attacks," showed how an ATM customers pressing down keys of a personal code number gives these cameras the ability to catch the numbers from residual heat left behind from the users fingertips.
The research team from the University of California, San Diego, found that their cameras picked up a PIN entered on a keypad more than 80 percent of the time if used immediately. If used a minute later, it picked up the digits about half the time. After 90 seconds, the chance of extracting the digits dropped to about 20 percent. They tested the frequency using custom software that they wrote to automate their analysis.
The noteworthy feature of thermal cameras is that the usual protective measure of shielding the keypad with the hand is ineffective. The PIN is captured regardless. Thermal cameras can bypass hand-shielding techniques.
For the study, 21 volunteers tried out 27 randomly selected PIN numbers in the form of four-digit codes on plastic pads and on brushed metal pads.
Keaton Mowery, a doctoral student in computer science at UCSD, Sarah Meiklejohn and professor Stefan Savage did the research, and they said that the surveillance ploy is possible but it is not an easy crime. Although thermal imaging can easily pick up PIN numbers when pressed, the method cannot easily determine in which order. Another hurdle for thieves would be metal keypads, nearly impossible. Because of their high conductivity, metal keys do not retain heat long enough for the ploy to work.
The study extends the conversation about keypad entry systems as a security mechanism in a range of applications, such as to access offices in buildings, secure safes, and operate ATMs. In 2005, security guru Michal Zalewski discussed the use of an infrared camera to detect codes punched into a safe with a keypad lock.
The most recent findings have elicited two viewpoints about personal ID thievery. One reaction to the findings is that while thermal imaging can capture the numbers, the effort is impractical and unlikely to represent a major headache for crime fighters. The numbers captured are not in order, metal keypads thwart efforts, and the high-end cameras required cost approximately $18,000. The other point of view is that thieves will in time get smarter and find ways to recover the exact code or harvest PIN numbers with the help of the right software.
Consumer Reports recommends using a pen, plastic stylus or other object and not your fingers to press the keypad. The study's researchers said what could work is placing the hand over the entire keypad to warm all the keys.
More information: K. Mowery, S. Meiklejohn, and S. Savage "Heat of the Moment: Characterizing the Efficacy of Thermal-Camera Based Attacks" Proceedings of WOOT 2011. August 2011. http://www.usenix. … s/Mowery.pdf
© 2011 PhysOrg.com
-
From lemons to lemonade: Reaction uses carbon dioxide to make carbon-based semiconductor,
32 comments
-
Thioridazine kills cancer stem cells in human while avoiding toxic side-effects of conventional cancer treatments,
3 comments
-
SpaceX private rocket blasts off for space station (Update),
42 comments
-
Climate scientists say they have solved riddle of rising sea,
31 comments
-
SpaceX capsule has 'new car' smell, astronauts say (Update),
2 comments
-
Need a rigid insulation material???
14 hours ago
-
magnets or EMF in car bumpers to protect from fender bender
May 26, 2012
-
length of wire in a coil of known dimensions?
May 25, 2012
-
India Engineering Powerhouse
May 25, 2012
-
electromagnet core dereference between hard and soft iron
May 25, 2012
-
Measuring water pressure in an open tank
May 24, 2012
- More from Physics Forums - General Engineering
More news stories
Browser wars flare in mobile space
The browser wars are heating up again, but this time the fight is for dominance of the mobile Internet.
6 hours ago |
5 / 5 (1) |
2
Probability of contamination from severe nuclear reactor accidents is higher than expected: study
Catastrophic nuclear accidents such as the core meltdowns in Chernobyl and Fukushima are more likely to happen than previously assumed. Based on the operating hours of all civil nuclear reactors and the number ...
Technology / Energy & Green Tech
May 22, 2012 |
3.6 / 5 (22) |
56
|
SpotterRF debuts Radar Backpack Kit (w/ Video)
(Phys.org) -- SpotterRF has announced a special radar backpack kit designed to enhance situational awareness for soldiers on the ground. The company says its special radar is designed for warfighters as part ...
HyperSolar shows dirty water no barrier to power world
(Phys.org) -- The Santa Barbara, California, company, HyperSolar, is set to transparently share the ups and downs of its research experiences toward the companys ultimate vision, successfully producing ...
Tesla to launch electric sedan in US on June 22
Tesla Motors said Tuesday it would begin deliveries of "the world's first premium electric sedan" on June 22, slightly ahead of schedule.
Technology / Energy & Green Tech
May 22, 2012 |
4.5 / 5 (11) |
18
Nvidia trumpets Tegra 3 phone design wins for 2012
(Phys.org) -- Nvidias competitive war paint has a name, Tegra 3. On the heels of Nvidia announcements about lowering costs of its Tegra 3 processors and Nvidia-enabled tablets running Android Ice Cream ...
Scientist: Evolution debate will soon be history
(AP) -- Richard Leakey predicts skepticism over evolution will soon be history. Not that the avowed atheist has any doubts himself.
Dell tablet leak: 10.1-inch display, two-battery choice
(Phys.org) -- Headline after headline talks about vendors tablets in the wings as likely number-one contenders for the iPad. Such claims have justifiably been taken with a grain of salt, considering ...
Keep food safety in mind this memorial day weekend
(HealthDay) -- Picnics, parades and cookouts are as much a part of Memorial Day weekend as tributes to the United States' war veterans.
Social welfare cuts ultimately come with heavy price, researchers say
(Phys.org) -- Slashing government funding for Medicaid, food stamps and other programs that serve the poor while politically popular with some lawmakers and many conservatives may do more harm ...
Is a classical electrodynamics law incompatible with special relativity?
(Phys.org) -- The laws of classical electromagnetism that were developed in the 19th century are the same laws that scientists use today. They include Maxwell’s four equations along with the Lorentz la ...
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Irregardless isn't a word.
Is it just me, or is grammar and spelling in general really declining?
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Now that is clever. And here's an idea how to make it a lot cheaper and less obvious than with a thermal imaging camera:
After the person has left walk over and place a pad with 9 electric thermometer units over the keypad. Something like this could probably be built for under 20 dollars and be sensitive enough to get a good reading in a few seconds.
Yes, you'll still not have the exact number sequence but you'll have the numbers. And from then on there are only 24 combinations left to try (since you can try 2 per day that should give you a correct hit, on average, after 6 days. Or if you like to have your cash immediately that would, at 3 tries until your card gets revoked, give you a successfull hit for every 8th PIN you swipe. More often if any of the numbers repeat)
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Listing the sequence of 4 digit numbers in order of probability (coldest to hottest) with subsequent sequences substituting digits based on magnitude of temperature differential between them this should be able to cut down the number of average tries needed by half if not more.
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (2)
And, if you are criminal enough to steal the card from someone I would imagine you are bad enough to make them just tell you the number.
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Nope. All you have to have is the magnetic code on the card and then make a copy on a blank card.
There are very simple ways to swipe the code. The cheapest way I've seen uses the head of an old casette recorder mounted inside the slit and transmitting the generated 'sounds' to a receiver which can be on the other side of the road.
The whole setup is as flat as a postage stamp and completely unobtrusive (you don't even need to mount a fake front to the ATM - just stick it to the inside of the card slot)
This is why some ATMs have started to
a) have transparent plastic covers in unsusal shapes (so that you see any extra devices and can't easily manufacture a fake front)
b) Erratically draw your card in so that you don't get a linear reading on the magnetic strip (this, however, can be overcome with a bit of programming)
c) incorporate additional chips on the card (but I think these have already been broken, too)
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
OH MY! HOW TERRIBLE!!!!!!
......did you get the point of the article, by chance....maybe...hummmm?
(just doing some scientific research on the advancing boiling point of our elite grammar and syntax posting monitors and their genetics in the internet age...!)
word-to-ya-muthas
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
How criminally ingenious you are...now, this thermal thing is only 20% effective after 90 seconds. I can't do my transaction that fast! SO once I am finished, I have entered my pin AND MADE SEVERAL SUPERFLUOUS SELECTIONS...I will be certain, just for u..to LEAN ON THE KEY PAD with my butt so that you can get a thermal image of what I want u 2 kiss...as D cops haul u off 2 jail..where u become some man's boyfriend. I can see the headlines, BUTT GLOW CATCHES BAD ASS!
word-to-ya-muthas
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
But the current trick seems to be to attach a small camera unobtrusively above the keypad or on the ceiling/wall close to the ATM. This is why you are instructed to shield you hand when you enter your PIN. But since you don't shield it after you've enterd your pin a thermal camera could (if placed correctly) read your pin even while you are still busy conducting your withdrawal.
Best one I've seen was reported from a black hat conference. Someone just set up a complete fake ATM in the lobby of the conference hotel. Nabbed quite a few number of PINs and bar codes before it was discovered that it wasn't legit.
If I can think of this stuff in 5 minutes then others can, too. This is why I deal in cash. Only. Cards aren't safe.
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Oh and 'u' is not a word.I had a few 100 dollars charged to my visa last spring. The only thing I was charged was $20 for a new #.
However a few years ago I found $135 in cash on the floor at the mall. Cash is not safe.
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 01, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 02, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
2) rest your hand on ALL the keys (either before or after entering the number)
3) loiter for a moment (and a half)
4) pretend you're OCD and wipe the keys all off with an alcohol pad, both before and after use (may not be a bad idea, actually)
5) wear gloves
Sep 02, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
The problem with this (and my idea of using thermo-sensors) is that you actually need to be at the machine to record the PIN. Most all ATMs are fitted with cameras (notice the green LEDs that are mostly mounted at the head of the machine. They light your face up. In the middle is a pin camera. ATMs at a bank will pobably be surveilled by additional cameras) so it will be easy to trace back who was next in line.
The bank just has to check all the pictures of transactions before the card is used fraudulently. This will give them a number of mugshots of people next in line. Now they check if these shots match those of people next in line of others whose card details have been stolen.
Hand found matches over to the police. Game over.
Sep 03, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
http://www.visual...a/36.jpg
Sep 03, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Pin pad overlays are already much simpler, and wireless to boot.
Sep 04, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Sep 04, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
It's just you.
Sep 05, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
It's safe if you're not an idiot and lose it.