New fossils demonstrate that powerful eyes evolved in a twinkling (w/ video)
A half-billion-year-old fossil compound eye, showing exquisite detail of the visual surface (the individual lenses can be seen as darker spots). Credit: Photo by John Paterson (University of New England).
Palaeontologists have uncovered half-a-billion-year-old fossils demonstrating that primitive animals had excellent vision.
An international team led by scientists from the South Australian Museum and the University of Adelaide found the exquisite fossils, which look like squashed eyes from a recently swatted fly.
This discovery will be published tomorrow in the journal Nature.
The lead author is Associate Professor Michael Lee from the South Australian Museum and the University of Adelaide's School of Earth & Environmental Sciences.
This video is not supported by your browser at this time.
Compound EyesModern insects and crustaceans have "compound eyes" consisting of hundreds or even thousands of separate lenses. They see their world as pixels each lens produces a pixel of vision. More lenses mean more pixels and better visual resolution. (Each lens does not form a miniature image a myth often perpetuated by Hollywood.)
Evolutionary Advantage
The fossil compound eyes were found on Kangaroo Island, South Australia and are 515 million years old. They have over 3000 lenses, making them more powerful than anything from that era, and probably belonged to an active predator that was capable of seeing in dim light.
The recently discovered fossil eyes would have seen the world with over 3000 pixels (center image), giving its owner a huge visual advantage over its contemporaries, which would have seen a very blurry world with about 100 pixels (left image). This is much better than the living horseshoe crab, which sees the world as 1,000 pixels, but not as good as living dragonflies, which have the best compound eyes and see the world as ~28,000 pixels (right image). Credit: Image by Thierry Laperousaz (South Australian Museum) and Mike Lee (South Australian Museum/University of Adelaide).
Their discovery reveals that some of the earliest animals possessed very powerful vision; similar eyes are found in many living insects, such as robber flies. Sharp vision must therefore have evolved very rapidly, soon after the first predators appeared during the 'Cambrian Explosion' of life that began around 540 million years ago.Given the tremendous adaptive advantage conferred by sharp vision for avoiding predators and locating food and shelter, there must have been tremendous evolutionary pressure to elaborate and refine visual organs.
Who owned them?
As the fossil eyes were found isolated, it's not certain what animal they came from, but they probably belonged to a large shrimp-like creature. The rocks containing the eyes also preserve a dazzling array of ancient marine creatures, many new to science. They include primitive trilobite-like creatures, armored worms, and large swimming predators with jointed feeding appendages.
The compound eyes of a living insect -- a predatory robber fly -- showing the individual lenses. Credit: Photo by Peter Hudson (South Australian Museum).
More pixels: more chance of survivalThe recently discovered fossil eyes would have seen the world with over 3000 pixels, giving its owner a huge visual advantage over its contemporaries, which would have seen a very blurry world with about 100 pixels. This is much better than the living horseshoe crab, which sees the world as 1000 pixels, but not as good as living dragonflies, which have the best compound eyes and see the world as ~28 000 pixels.
Provided by
University of Adelaide
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Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (13)
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (8)
The fields of view overlap anyways, over many cells, which means that a bright contrast edge for example is seen by many individual eyes at the same time, and the intensity and direction can be used to "triangulate" the position of the edge more precisely.
It's somewhat analog to how you can make high resolution pictures out of a webcam connected to a telescope. You take a hundred pictures of a planet, and stack them. Because the planet isn't aligned the same way with the pixel grid in every picture, the stacking actually reveals sub-pixel size details where the pixels of the individual pictures partially overlap.
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (17)
Evolution happens whether or not you believe in it. Although, it would be nice if evolution and natural selection didn't work. That way we could actually just keep using the same old antibiotics with no end in sight.
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (12)
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 1.2 / 5 (20)
Breeding for traits is not the same as evolution. When we expose a bacteria to an antibiotic and don't kill all the bacteria, the surviving bacteria are those with the greatest resistance to the antibiotic. We have selected for that resistance trait. It did not evolve.
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 4.7 / 5 (14)
It's observed all the time in the lab. What's the formation of a population of penicillin resistant bacteria called?
Viral DNA, polyploidy, copy paste transposons. All of those create new DNA information.
I just gave you concrete examples. You can't refute them.
Go fuck yourself. I don't care whether you're sincere and you're actually as dumb as you make yourself out to be or whether you're a troll. Either way, you're completely wrong.
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (10)
Change in allele frequencies over time = evolution. Selective breeding is evolution. We're changing the allele frequencies of a population.
MUTATIONS arise that create antibiotic resistance.
Edit: Further explanation: The allele for antibiotic resistance is not a wild type trait, as far as I know, for any bacteria. Resistance is a mutation.
Jun 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
I don't think it's so much a case of forgetting the underlying physiology of perception, rather they're using a single common metric among a wide range of species - the light sensing cells, for comparative purposes. Generally, the more light sensors you have, the better you can see.
The same rule of thumb applies to digital camera sensors regardless of which auxiliary algorithms are used in subsequent image processing.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (9)
You aren't still sore about that religion conversation are you?
As for your comment above, rest assured. I know the difference. Unfortunately, selection pressure (antibiotics) ultimately lead to the establishment of populations that have distinctly different characteristics then the original (evolution). In the example i gave above, i agree that we are selecting for antibiotic resistance. This is a prefect example of an organism that has evolved? You are no doubt gonna launch into a debate about macroevolutionary changes or you are an idiot and somehow though thats what i was implying.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (10)
Not sore about anything. Just pointing out that what was claimed to be an instance of evolution was not an instance of evolution. It is a common error, but it is a large error which should be corrected whenever it is presented.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (8)
You are correct. Breeding for traits is not the same as evolution, but rather the same as natural selection. It is therefor the method by which evolution occurs over time, not evolution in it's own right.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
I made no error in my original comment, you simply generated an argument off a statement i didn't even make. I don't even disagree with your original reply that we are selecting for antibiotic resistance (which is why i mentioned natural selection in my first post)? You assumed alot from my original post that simply wasn't there in the short comment i made. It seems you are hung up on the distinction between natural selection as it pertains to evolution, not me. Now if you would actually like to have an intelligent conversation about EVOLUTION, please let me know. Just allow me the opportunity to actually make a comment before you attempt to lecture me on anything.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (10)
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 1.3 / 5 (13)
Bacteria develop into bacteria, so no change there. Darwin however requires bacteria (single cell) to develop into higher organisms and eventually humans - and there is no real proof for that. Antibiotic resistance is simply a mutation that disables an ability to bond with a particular protein. No new information is added to the genome at all, but informationn is in fact lost - devolution instead of evolution!
Darwinian evolution requires completely new code to be written on the gene, and that doesn't happen with random mutations. DNA code is information, and information as far as we know always comes from an intelligent source. There is no reason why DNA would be excluded from that principle.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
I did allow you to actually make a comment and I was not lecturing you. I was only pointing out the difference between selection and evolution. There is a difference.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (9)
How many times do I have to repeat this?
Viral DNA, polyploidy, copy paste transposons. All those involve additional information being added to the genome.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (9)
Wouldn't matter if you repeated it a million times. Some people revel in their own ignorance.
Jun 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Jul 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
It constitutes proof that the mechanism, by which evolution operates, exists. That being random mutations occur, and may be selected for if beneficial in a given environment.
And what of antibiotic resistance as a result of horizontal gene transfer (HGT)? In this case genetic material from one organism is incorporated into another organism giving it antibiotic resistance. This is simply one example of many. You are posting your opinion of the matter based on fragmented information and erroneous reasoning.
Jul 01, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
You beat me to the punch. Then again, i noticed you gave those same examples two days ago! I think we are all spinning our wheels with these people. Johannes414 obviously is missing some key information when it comes to biology and probably just wants to argue. Note to Johannes414, before seeing red and firing back a response, read his examples above and reevaluate your previous comment.
On a related note, I have recently discovered that my guilty pleasure is feeding trolls (dogbert)....... I want to stop so bad, but just can't help myself.
Jul 02, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Don't fix what ain't broken, eh? Haha.
Jul 03, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Still. The single lens of a compound eye is a rudimentary eye in its own right. It's not a simple pixel that averages the color and intensity from its whole field of vision, but it actually has a resolution of its own. It sees a small sub-image that the brain of the creature overlaps and patches into a bigger, more detailed picture.
So you can't tell the resolving power of a compound eye just by counting how many lenses there are. You have to know what's behind the lens, which can be partially deduced by observing how the lens is.
Jul 03, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Jul 04, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
You missed the point of my example.
In any case, mutations can change genetic information.
The total amount of genetic information can be increased or decreased.
Should I explain how these two aspects lead to "new information"?
Jul 04, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (10)
With mutations, either the information already existed, or there is a net loss of meaningful information.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
Or the words of a moron that knows nothing about information theory that he didn't get from a religious fanatic. Demski is a BAD mathematician. He never proved anything and he never tested his bad math on actual DNA. If he had done the test all he would prove is what real scientists knew all along. Evolution is not random. That is all he can prove and that is the reality of how Natural Selection works.
More
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (9)
Now run away fanatic. Nonsense won't make reality go away. Nor will bad math from a guy you clearly haven't read. I did. And its crap. Go ahead. Get Dembski and I will kick his asinine ideas all over the place. You sure don't understand information and neither does Dembski.
Oh and when was the Flood? Go ahead give a real date not another evasion.
Ethelred
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (8)
Whatever the subject of discussion is, he has to ask about the flood.
If we ever have an article on physorg.com about the flood, Ethelred will be prepared for the discussion.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
Lie. Only when religious fanatics tell lies.
Since you just told one how about YOU deal with the severe time problem for the Flood?
I am prepared. Done it many times. Never seen a shred of evidence that can overturn the reality that the Great Flood never happened. Seen evidence for local floods but nothing that killed of all life that breathed air or crawled on the Earth that wasn't a on one big ass boat. It not only didn't happen at all the dating the Bible produces is contrary to known WRITTEN history.
So do YOU accept the challenge to support the Bible? If you can't support it perhaps you should start accepting reality.
Ethelred
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (9)
The Bible does not provide a date for the flood. But geology shows it must have been quite recent. A clue is the advent of the first walled cities in Sumeria and Akkadia. Beyond those societies, there seems to be a gap going back to some older, more global oriented civilization in the time of Noah.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
It's so funny when dummies like dogbert go ahead and tell us they believe in evolution, but not in "evolution" because of religious bias.
Cognitive disconnect doesn't even begin to paint the picture of crazy that must be going on in your head.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 2 / 5 (69)
So ironic.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (9)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (10)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Go ahead and tell me where I'm wrong.
You're the one who makes their commentary worthy of derision. You state that evolution doesn't exist, just diversification and selection by the environment for expressed traits (which is evolution).
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
You are wrong because you attack personalities instead of discussing issues.
See, now you lie. I have never said that evolution doesn't exist.
You should really try to say something which actually adds to the discussion. Name calling belongs in the playground. Adults should behave better.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (66)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
I'll treat you like one when you show the worldly knowledge of one.
Jul 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (8)
I pointed out your lie. I never said that evolution doesn't exist when you claim I did.
Point out when I said what you said I said. Provide a link to any statement I have ever made in which I said that evolution did not exist.
I will say it again. You lied. Why not just admit you lied?
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (10)
So how about you make your actual postition clear and the stick with it instead making these attacks that look exactly like the sort that Creationists often engage in when they want to hide their intent.
If you keep walking the walk and talking the talk of stealth Creationists it is very hard to accept your claim of not being one.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (10)
Which is completely unsupported by any evidence.
Yes. The Bible is quite clear about Jehovah's intent to slaughter all life that breathed air or crawled. Pretty sick behavior.
That is disingenuous at best. You know perfectly well that there are ages and events that can be added up. Doing so produces dates that range around 4400 years ago give or take 200 years. No one has managed to get older dates that are based on the Bible.
There is no such geological evidence. Geology shows that it never happened.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4.1 / 5 (9)
No. There is such thing. Nor is there any evidence at all that all life that breaths air was killed in any way much drowned. There would be incontrovertible genetic evidence. All life would show VERY little genetic variation. The Clean animals would show more variation due to having more ancestors. Humans would have ONE single father and that would be very clear in the Y chromosome. There would have been four, at most, lines of Mitochondrial DNA from the four wives. There is no such thing in human DNA.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (12)
So where is it? Come on Johannes you are so certain that there is evidence produce some. And please explain how all the people that have run the numbers from the Bible could have botched it while you are at it. You made the claim now support it.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (8)
I have made myself clear on these issues. I have no problem with the theory of evolution.
Why don't you look up the meaning of "evolution" so that you can understand that selection is one of the mechanisms by which evolution is expected to occur -- not evolution itself?
Correcting a misconception is not attacking anything.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (11)
It does occur. So it isn't merely expected. It happens. Both selection and the process how organisms change over generations. The process is called evolution.
Not really.
If that was all you did I wouldn't have a problem with your posts on this. I correct people on misconceptions regarding evolution fairly frequently. In most such discussions the errors are from people that are trying to make evolution go away because they have a religion based with it. But not always.
False. It is the same. Whether the selection is by man or the rest of the environment there is still a change in species and that is evolution.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
Now if you had written that way then you would have been correcting an error. Assuming the original poster was not just bowing to the vile 1000 character limit.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4.1 / 5 (9)
Your post ignored all that reality to attack a post by someone who was completely correct. Most likely you did that to defend Johannes who is clearly unable to accept any bit reality that disagrees with his ignorance. Johannes is here to spread ignorance not to debate.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (10)
When you start telling the kevins and Johaness' to move along then I might start to think you are sincere. In the meantime I have little reason to keep in mind that religious posters have a strong tendency to be disingenuous. Which is contrary to the Golden Rule but they do it anyway.
Giving me ones for rational posts that disagree with irrational religion based posts is just another indicator that you are here to push your religious beliefs. I don't give your rational posts ones EXCEPT in retaliation.
Quit walking and quaking like a duck if you don't want to be thought of as being remarkably similar to a duck.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (9)
It is apparent fron your rant that you do not understand that the term "evolution" and the term "selection" are not interchangeable. I can't help your limitations in understanding.
You state you know who votes and how they vote. How do you know this.
On the issue of religious statements, you constantly make statements about the flood when no one is discussing it but you.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (10)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (9)
I can't help your inability to understand the difference between selection and evolution either.
Perhaps you can try to believe that they have different meanings? Or perhaps you could use a dictionary?
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
I didn't claim that. You have a reading problem. I clearly was dealing with mutation followed by selection. Just like I always do. If you think that isn't what evolution is you have been learning from The Nonsense In Genesis site.
Nor can you invent limitations that do not exist. Not honestly anyway. Try reading what I wrote again.
Your ignorance on this after all this time is amazing. I figured it out the first day. I will leave you to your ignorance on this. After you learn how to explore your environment you might be better fit to read my posts.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
One way to end it is to ask them things they don't want to think about. You clearly are one more that doesn't want to think about the problems with the Bible and the Flood. I find that even Old Earth Creationists actually believe in that nonexistent Flood so it is a very appropriate way to make it clear that the Bible is not the word of an all knowing god. It is hardly the only error in the Bible but is a very significant one as it involves both a nonexistent event and a god acting in ways indistinguishable from a psychotic.
Oh and you got a one for reading problems. And in retaliation.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (8)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (67)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (8)
To put it in simple terms that you should be able to grasp, a trait selected for may not survive. In that case there is no speciation and no evolution.
You exhibit a strange inability to understand the simplest concepts.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (65)
-OR- Better yet,
Are you a product of speciation?
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
If the selected for trait doesn't survive, then it wasn't selected for. Example, a mutation makes your hair bright pink, and women suddenly find that attractive, yet it also makes you sterile. That trait was selected against as it prevents reproduction.
Next time you want to attempt to educate me in evolution, learn what it is first.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (8)
"...who couldn't speak the truth if his life depended on it" because:-In other words, he had a major breakdown of some sort which allowed him to supplant ordinary reason for extraordinary delusion. No doubt experienced as an epiphany:
"when a person realizes their faith or when they are convinced that an event or happening was really caused by a deity or being of their faith. In Hinduism, for example, epiphany might refer to the realization of Arjuna that Krishna (a God serving as his charioteer in the "Bhagavad Gita") is indeed representing the universe..." -et al.
cont
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
This is for obvious reasons unnatural, in that for instance praying when threatened by a carnivore instead of climbing a tree would lessen the chances of surviving to procreate.
But in this sad world there are many such unfortunates who will gather together in order to reinforce their delusions. This can actually increase their rate of procreation, although it does tend to weaken the overall quality of the species.
At any rate the VALUE of this fabricated reality to the people who find refuge in it is so GREAT, that they will lie, cheat, steal and even kill; in short they will commit any CRIME deemed necessary to preserve it.
Hence johans compulsion to ignore the truth and summarily LIE in support of his affliction.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Actually, that's not technically correct. Evolution and selection are different concepts. Selection over time is selection. Allele frequency shift over time is evolution. However, natural selection can guide it. They work in conjunction, but they're separate things.
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Can you read? I've provided you with tangible, factual, observed phenomena that insert new information into a genome multiple times. Do I really have to list them for you for the 5th or so time?
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
Are you truly unaware that the world is filled with many species?
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (64)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (65)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
No. Species can evolve without splitting. You don't get define biological processes out of existence.
To put it in simple terms even a Creationist SHOULD be able to grasp, not surviving is the entire physical cause of evolution by Natural Selection. Mutations can ONLY be selected by survival vs. non-survival.
Do try to keep up. And you really need to grasp another concept. We, or least I, DO understand the process of evolution. That process is NOT subject to definition games no matter who wants to play them.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
Funny. We know YOU are the problem with understanding the biological process we call evolution. You seem to under the mistaken impression that word games can change reality.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
No. Not at all. Mutations MUST be involved or all you have is a change in the proportions of genes not a change in the genes themselves. At the base evolution of life on Earth is a change in the actual DNA or RNA. For instance the white vs black moth in England example that some people are found of isn't really a case of evolution. It is just a change in the gene FREQUENCY not the genes themselves. It can be thought of as mere adaptation vs. evolution.
Natural Selection is not merely a guide. It is the entire key to evolution. It is how information can be added to the DNA.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
Try this way of thinking about it.
A sculptor can start with a block of marble but the information comes from what the sculptor selects OUT vs what the sculptor leaves IN. Mutations are like the marble, random bits of matter. It takes selection to give it shape.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (7)
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (5)
Evasion.
Yet another refusal to actually answer the question.
The real question is do YOU think that speciation occurs? Not whether we do.
Please quit evading the question. It is another case of you acting like a stealth creationist. Your non-answers were exactly what I expected, assuming you didn't just pretend that it wasn't asked. Which is what you did with my replies to your nonsense.
Ethelred
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
Actually there are. We have word that is USUALLY defined as organisms that cannot interbreed and produce viable offspring.
That is a perfectly good way of looking at life on Earth but it still doesn't the word 'species' go away. The only real problem with the word is when people define it as organism that don't normally interbreed. Pretty much a worthless definition that isn't worth bothering with.
A better definition of species
Sexually reproducing organisms that cannot interbreed.
Bacteria can exchange DNA, at least in theory, even when they are long separated in time.>>
Jul 06, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
Early euchariotic lines of descent must have been clonal as DNA exchange would have been difficult until the development of DNA pairs. Maybe the DNA pairs came early but the slow evolution of eucharotes early makes that unlikely.
Sexual reproduction in euchariotic organisms is the main reason I find the concept of species to have value.
I mean besides torquing off the Creationist.
Ethelred
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (65)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
What? That's the definition of evolution- change in allele frequency of a population over time.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
Only someone that is in to avoiding mutations would use that as a definition. You don't get real change without actual change in the DNA. Frequency change only is not evolution its is just a change in the percentage of alleles in a species. Which leaves out all non-sexually reproducing organism. It is the sort of thing someone might push if they think there is no evidence for speciation.
Where the heck did you get that wimpy worthless definition from anyway?
Ethelred
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
And a word to my friend aroc91:
I can read. But unfortunately you can't. DNA copying and insertion is not proof for Darwinian evolution. Its exactly what it says: a copy. A copy of information that already exists. So no new information is created. We are still waiting for an example of a random mutation creating NEW information on the gene.
Hint: Epulopiscium fishelsoni has 90,000 polyploid copies of DNA, making it the world champion of DNA copying. Surprise: although weighing a million times as much as your average bacterium, its still a bacterium.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
Well he was wrong on that too. There was no Garden of Eden. The world is vastly older than the Genesis allows. So do you actually think the world is wrong instead of a book written long ago by men that were even more ignorant than you? Of course in their case the ignorance may not have been self induced.
Well he got one part right. It isn't random. However it is open ended.
Why do you insist on lying that evolution is random?
You chose ignorance anyway.
Sure he can. He simply is using a bad definition of evolution. Otherwise he is spot on.>>
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
Sorry thats another thing you are wrong on. There are mutations so the copies are often not exact.
But mutations make the information change. Natural selection is what makes it non-random.
No. We are not as the evidence has been found. Many times actually.
Nevertheless it still evolved and gained information via mutation and Natural Selection.
Lying so much would really have Jehovah angry with you if he existed.
Ethelred
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
Agreeing and disagreeing is the same with with. You only want a forum to promote your atheism. You should apply your duck metaphor to yourself.
You chose to talk about species and speciation. I do not like the terms because they are poorly and variously defined. But in so far as we can agree that there are many different plants and animals on earth and agree that they represent different species, I agreed that there were species. And in so far as there are multiple species, there must be speciation, I agreed to that too.
But you did not want that. You wanted to proselytize and you continue to do that.
I do not agree with your flawed model of reality, but you are welcome to remain an atheist. Your constant proselytizing is not particularly welcome, however.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
The random mutation IS the new information. It wasn't there before. That's what makes it a mutation.
The copying is just that mutation being selected for through reproduction and survival.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
Information requires intelligence, because information only has meaning within a coded system of rules. It is not the same as random bits or noise.
Most mutations do something like this:
"This is DNA code" (before mutation)
"is is ywyNA code" (after mutation)
In the example we have a deletion and a random insertion. But which sentence contains more information according to you?
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Now if you applied lots of random mutations you could eventually end up with something like:
"This is RNA code"
The sentence would still make sense, but would be conveying new information and, in this context, could potentially be selected for.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Proof?
Noise is not information according to information theory. Random sequences that cannot be decoded or interpreted are not considerd information.
For instance, this posting contains information, but if you shake all the letters unto a pile, the information is lost but the bits are still there - get the picture?
Your contention that randomness wrote the DNA sequence is statistically impossible, and no example of this kind of mutation has ever been produced.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
That's a 1 letter change. A computer program could easily be written to prove this (and no, I'm not going to write one just because you don't understand how large numbers are not impossible numbers).
Assuming an equal probability that one letter in the sentence can be changed to any other letter (I'll throw in caps and lower case as separate) you get:
1/16 chance of the right letter being changed since there are 16 letters and spaces
1/53 chance of changing to the right letter or a space
Multiplying those together gives a 1/848 chance of generating the sentence "This is RNA code" from "This is DNA code". Those are hardly impossible odds of randomly generating new information from the old information you provided.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
There is no a priori difference between noise and information before there is an interpreter for that information. The difference between "noise" and "signal" depends entirely on what the interpreter cares about. There are patterns in the noise everywhere you look. "Information" is simply those patterns one cares about, while "noise" is everything else. Change what you care about or what you're looking for, and you change what part of the raw data stream is "information" and what part is "noise."
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
No that is not what I asked. But thanks anyway. There is no example where random mutations added new information (new, not copied from an existing source) onto the genome.
By the way, your random generator program probably needs some intelligent source to program it. Random is random, no cheats allowed. Or did the program also write ittself ?
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
So does the DNA code represent information according to you or not?
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
Don't confuse improbability with impossibility.
Think of it like the lottery.
The odds of you personally winning the lottery are incredibly low. The odds of the lottery being won, however, are significantly higher.
Similarly, the odds of getting to our exact genetic sequence through evolution are very low, however the odds of evolution having lead to some form of life are significantly higher.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
Certainly, as there is an interpreter: the various proteins and RNA that transcribe DNA, and the further processes that translate that transcription into lengths of various folded proteins. It also constitutes information for us because we can correlate the patterns we find in DNA to patterns we find in other things, like the occurrence of certain phenotypic traits. Many other things are information as well, such as the radioactive decay of an atom inside a sample, detected by a Geiger counter. That's a completely random and unpredictable occurrence, but one which tells us something potentially useful about the sample, and thus it is information. Information doesn't require an intelligent source to be information. It only requires an interpreter that has a means of discrimination, translation and incorporation of some elements of a raw data stream.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
So life evolving is like a lottery? Random? I thought evolutionists always denied that evolution was just about chance...its about natural selection they say, and pressures and this and that.
If evolution was really like the lottery, a different kind of system would have developed. Penrose wrote some material on that. However, we "evolved". That fact requires some explanation other than: the lottery.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
I just used your example to show you how new information is added. I would say the greatest evidence you're providing against evolution is your inability to comprehend what you read.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
You are confusing information as a symbolic representation of real world items and the item itself. A mistale that one encounters often.
DNA is information, because it can be interpreted within a coded system with attached semantics (that excludes noise, which is only coded without semantics).
The DNA itself however is a biological fact. Information is not "das Ding an sich" but always a symbolic representation.
The decay of an atom is different, it is not the same as information. It is a natural process, a real world object. Information does not exist by itself, but only as a coded representation of something else. What would be considered information is forn instance an analysis of the Geiger measurements and the subsequent equations.
I hope you see the difference now.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Well you can only evolve using the random mutations that happened to occur. Which mutations occur at a given time is random, however, the selection of those mutations (ie. which ones survive) are not random. They're based on the ability for them to make the organism survive.
No, it just means a different system COULD have developed, not WOULD have (ie. someone else could win the lottery on the next draw). It's unlikely that we would evolve into exactly what we are without the same conditions exactly throughout our history.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
That's a textbook definition. Are you taking me for a creationist? I've sided with you as long as I've "known" you.
Note that that definition doesn't imply that mutation and natural selection aren't the phenomena that drive the allele freq. shifts. I totally agree with that, I just had a disagreement with the way you worded it, that's all.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
Actually, the copying is how additional bases are added to a genome. Without it and the other examples I provided, we wouldn't have 6 billion base pairs to work with as a species. We'd be limited to the presumably short genome that the first organism had.
Edit: To avoid confusion, this is in context to copy paste transposons, which, as their name implies, insert additional copies of themselves into the genome.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
Mutation turns out to be benifical the mutation is passed on, and becomes a part of the gene pool, and may eventually become a part of every living example of said animal.
Natural Selection is just the animal dying(or reproducing less) because the mutation is not helpful (or deadly), or reproducing at a higher rate because the mutation is helpful.
The mutation is random, what happens after is not.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
The appearance of a decay event is information if we perceive that event (discrimination) and interpret it (incorporation) into something meaningful for us (translation). Because we perceive decay events with a Geiger counter, it is that "tic" it makes that is informative for us.
Information is a real object because it requires symbolization within some medium. You write with ink and paper, or keyboards and pixels. These are real objects that have mass and everything. What makes a set of real object information is the existence of an interpreter.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
A little better explanation on the whole "random" question.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Especially since there is no example of new information (new! not a copy!) being created on the gene by random mutations. And that is required for Darwins theory to work: the advent of completely new functions, like eyes, ears, skin, lungs, wings and brains from a single cell over millions of years. No proof that ever happened.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
You have absolutely nothing but a dogged refusal to consider any other viewpoint than your biblical literalist one. Even your weak argument on the semantics of what constitutes "information" breaks down.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (7)
You are actively denying this throughout this discussion.
This statement by you has been shown false multiple times above.
Your concepts of 'new', 'copy', and 'information' are all in disagreement with those of everyone else.
You don't understand what information is, which is why you don't understand that a random mutation is new information, which is why you don't understand why the mutation is not a copy.
Billions actually.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
Natural speciation observed, and documented.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
"random mutation is new information"
If that is "information", it is useless because it is without semantics. It is like saying that the sentence "jkhh hdhjdf jkcjd" constitues new information. Even a child would understand this I think.
A random mutation might create data (bits) but does not create information (with meaning). Again, information requires a coding system and semantics. In a random sequence, the semantics is missing.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
Fossils are dead animals rapidly deposited by a catastrophic event (for instance the billions of fossils deposited by Noahs flood). They do not come with a list of their past mutations. In fact only complete species are found in the fossil records, no intermediates or mutants exist as evolution requires, in order to be true.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
That string of letters you just showed IS new information. Some information is useful, some is not.
Those random letters that you just wrote provided my brain with a series of letters. I can sound them out in my head. It's nonsensical and useless, but the information is provided and I can interpret it into sounds.
I already explained how random mutations of letters in sentences can convey new, useful information as well.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Plants produce many varieties due to the inbuilt ability to change (variation within a kind). Like Darwins finches, they remain just that: finches (or goatsbeard in this case). This is not molecules-to-man evolution at all, but just shows the flexibility of the gene pool, and the robustness of Gods creation.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
Let me try it one more time and then I have to suspend class :)
Information = Coding Semantics Storage Medium
For instance:
"yehwbcdlwdbckwbcqbfcbbccjjdjd7djkcdkjdjfghwt66tgyeg88id"
Coding = present, alfanumerical
Semantics = missing, no interpretation possible
Storage = present, this posting
So no new information...information is connected with meaning.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
This is the point when Ethelred's refrain of "When was the Flood" becomes appropriate. At any rate, this is getting more than tedious, and you're starting to proselytize, which is against comment rules. Advocacy for creationism or any brand of ID is not science and will earn an abuse report from me in the future.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Chihiahua and big Danes are not able to interbreed. Are they both dogs according to you?
You see, all dogs (as well as wolves, dingo, coyote and jackall) share a common gene pool that goes back to the original kind that was created by God.
That kind over time led to many different species which are the result of different combinations of the same genes, as genetic anaysis has shown. No evolution as in amoeba-to-Adam.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
They most certainly CAN interbreed, they are the same species. It's not easy due to the size difference, but they most certainly can. Even if it's just artificial insemination.
On the other hand the plants i mentioned Cannot produce viable offspring even when artificially pollinated.
Proof please? I am not aware of any scientific studies that show that.
This is incorrect.
Science -a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws: the mathematical sciences.
2.
systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Unfortunately because there is no way to test the existence of god (because of the very nature of the definition you apply to god) you cannot call the study of god, Intelligent Design, or Creationism Science. You cannot Observe the process of god, nor experiment to prove the existence of god.
So, yes, Free thought, free speech and critical thinking, HELP when doing science, they are not the definition of science. What i do find interesting is that in my experience with the Roman Catholic church is that Free Thought (Thinking about adultery is a sin) Free Speech (Saying "God might not exist" is blasphemy) and Critical Thinking (Asking why there is no physical evidence that supports a "Young Earth" or why the bible talks about Slavery in a positive way, is not just merely frowned upon).
I hope that helps explain why when you start to mention god people say you are not engaging in science.
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 2 / 5 (68)
http://www.talkor...ids.html
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Jul 07, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
Jul 08, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Information: You have a keyboard capable of sending all of those letters and symbols.
Thanks for the info!
Message received!
Jul 08, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
(All have pink hair. They still have fun while living - See SH and pink hair)
:)
To all others, thks for the learning curves.
It is to be hoped that science - a real challenge - not God, does for all others, what extinction will do for O'hannis.
To O'hannis' defense, he is 145 years old and a slow learner.
Jul 08, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
For example:
English
Englisk
Anglisk
Anglisk: SH wtf are you on about now.
Well Anglisk is what the various Britton Tribes used to call their language. Gues what happened over time. Ah yes, information change due to replacement, creating not only a new bit of information, but an entire language dynamic, due to social selection.
Johannes, stop using a small mind and start using the rest of your ability to cognate.
Jul 08, 2011
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Jul 08, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
This is more evidence that humans have undergone a process of domestication. They have been selected for their ability to reject what comes naturally to them in favor of the irrational demands of Leaders. Religions such as xianity may have been concocted with this in mind. 'If they can accept the concepts of the trinity and mother-of-the-almighty then we know we've got a keeper. If not then their head comes off. Culled for the Common Good.'
Jul 11, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
No. I am talking about meaningless noises.
Doesn't even admit they exist.
Allele shifts don't change a species permanently. Mutations plus selection does. I brought up Darwin and Wallace because they knew about evolution and came up with a theory for how occurred BEFORE anyone besides Mendel knew anything about genetics. Allele shifts are totally unneeded to understand that species evolve which is why it really has no business being in any useful definition.
My thought on that crappy definition is that was written to support someone doing allele frequency research and computer modeling and NOT by anyone doing fieldwork with fossils.
My Internet connection has been very erratic this month. It is annoying to be in the midst of discussion and then
Ethelred
Jul 11, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
What? Me? I'm going to be a junior in the fall continuing my pursuit of a biology degree. I'm well aware that mutation, natural selection, and evolution exist. I've done enough lab work to see it happen myself. That definiton is not in conflict with anything you've said. Evolution is the changing of the gene composition (alelle frequencies) of a population over time. Gene composition and allele frequency are interchangable. I feel as though you're arguing for the sake of arguing.
Jul 11, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
It just doesn't say anything useful or relevant to evolutionary theory.
No. Allele frequency is the percentage of any particular allele in the gene pool. Gene composition can change through mutation but that definition says NOTHING about an allele change via mutation thus it is ONLY about the frequency in the gene pool and thus worthless.
You are the one that did that. I am showing that the basis of your argument is a worthless definition. If you insist on using it in an argument on evolution you are just wasting space. It doesn't conflict with ANYTHING. The Creationists will be happy if you insist on wasting time and space that way.
It is as worthless as saying A=A.
Ethelred
Jul 11, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jul 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
It completly ignores mutation. Which is why it is such a bad attempt at a definition. It neither says anything about nor needs any mutations at all for allele frequencies to change yet actual evolution MUST have changes in the DNA. I really don't understand why you can't see this.
It does have be useful. Not a worthless bit of fluff that appears to be written to appease the Creationists. They actually used a equivalent of it right here in this thread.>
Jul 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
How convoluted is it to say the definition is worthless?
This DOES matter. Its a worthless, nay counterproductive, piece of crap masquerading as a useful definition.
You seem to think I am just arguing for the hell of it. I am not. I find that miserable, mealy mouthed, non functioning, incompetent, grotesquely worthless string of mistreated words to be OFFENSIVE when it is claimed to be an actual functioning definition of evolution. Please do not ever use it again, especially when there are Creationists around to jump for joy over it.
So I am curious. Just who the hell put that worthless string of words together in what book? I would like to check it out. Please please tell me it wasn't someone competent like Stephen G
Jul 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Ethelred
Hey I got thousand worded in the middle of good rant.
Speaking of miserable mealy mouthed crap - Brevity is SOUL FOR TWITS. An execrable excuse for cleverness from people with no sense of humour and clearly were told that the insufferably smug remark was a brilliant bit of devastating wit.
I bet they groom poodles in their spare time.
Ethelred
Jul 12, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
I know that the frequencies themselves don't matter. The fact that they change is what matters. So what would you call a new version of a gene? An allele. Obviously, new alleles are introduced via mutation.
Initially it was. It was a mutation that created two alleles, one of which was selected for, changing the frequency of the entire moth population.
I get what you're saying. I suppose I'm not thinking about it from an objective point of view, because I myself know the details well enough to make sense of the definition as is.
I wouldn't go as far as to say it's worthless though. It's still correct, it's just missing what the change in genes is prompted by (which is easy enough
Jul 12, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
It was used regarding population genetics from what I remember of Genetics: Analysis & Principles by Brooker and by every biology professor I've had. This would indeed support the fact that it's not sufficient for a layman's definition considering students taking BIO 240 know the ins and outs of it quite well.