Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory
Galaxy NGC 4214, pictured here in an image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope’s newest camera, is an ideal location to study star formation and evolution. Dominating much of the galaxy is a huge glowing cloud of hydrogen gas in which new stars are being born. A heart-shaped hollow — possibly galaxy NGC 4214’s most eye-catching feature — can be seen at the centre of this. Inside this cavity lies a large cluster of massive, young stars ranging in temperature from 10,000 to 50,000 degrees Celsius. Their strong stellar winds are responsible for the creation of this bubble. These features have the effect of stemming any further star formation due to the subsequent lack of gas. Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration. Acknowledgment: R. O’Connell (University of Virginia) and the WFC3 Scientific Oversight Committee
(PhysOrg.com) -- Hubbles newest camera has taken an image of galaxy NGC 4214. This galaxy glows brightly with young stars and gas clouds, and is an ideal laboratory to research star formation and evolution.
Size isn't everything... in astronomy, at least. Dwarf galaxy NGC 4214 may be small, but what it lacks in size it makes up for in content. It is packed with everything an astronomer could ask for, from hot, young star-forming regions to old clusters with red supergiants.
The intricate patterns of glowing ionised hydrogen gas, cavities blown clear of gas by stellar wind, and bright stellar clusters of NGC 4214 can be seen in this optical and near-infrared image, taken using the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument on the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.
A huge heart-shaped cavity possibly the galaxy's most eye-catching feature can be seen at the centre of the image. Inside this hole lies a large cluster of massive, young stars ranging in temperature from 10 000 to 50 000 degrees Celsius. Their strong stellar winds are responsible for the creation of this hollow area. The resulting lack of gas prevents any further star formation from occurring in this region.
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Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration. Acknowledgment: R. O’Connell (University of Virginia) and the WFC3 Scientific Oversight Committee
Located around 10 million light-years away in the constellation of Canes Venatici (The Hunting Dogs), the galaxy's relative close proximity to us, combined with the wide variety of evolutionary stages among the stars, makes it an ideal laboratory to research what triggers star formation and evolution. By chance, there is relatively little interstellar dust between us and NGC 4214, making our measurements of it more accurate.NGC 4214 contains a large amount of gas, some of which can be seen glowing red in the image, providing abundant material for star formation. The area with the most hydrogen gas, and consequently, the youngest clusters of stars (around two million years old), lies in the upper part of this Hubble image. Like most of the features in the image, this area is visible due to ionisation of the surrounding gas by the ultraviolet light of a young cluster of stars within.
Observations of this dwarf galaxy have also revealed clusters of much older red supergiant stars that we see at a late stage in their evolution. Additional older stars can be seen dotted all across the galaxy. While these are dominant in infrared emission they can only be seen shining faintly in this visible-light image. The variety of stars at different stages in their evolution, indicate that the recent and ongoing starburst periods are by no means the first, and the galaxy's numerous ionised hydrogen regions suggest they will not be the last.
Provided by
ESA/Hubble Information Centre
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May 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
We definitely need to improve our understanding of the formation, composition, and source of energy of stars.
If we continue to live with the illusion that we can control NATURE, instead of listening to messages (information) from NATURE, we will live in ignorance and the threat of destruction by unexpected events and surprising observations, e.g.,
1. "Scientists surprised by solar wind data . . ."
www.physorg.com/n...ion.html
2. Scientists surprised by explosions in the Crab Nebula . . .
Sometimes nature herself intervenes, like todays news reports of explosions in the remains of the Crab Nebula, the supernova that exploded in ~1054 AD.
www.physorg.com/n...ula.html
www.bbc.co.uk/new...13362958
With kind regards,
Oliver K. Manuel
Former NASA Principal
Investigator for Apollo
May 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
The US National Academy of Sciences, the UK's Royal Society, the UN's IPCC, world leaders (Al Gore & Associates), and government research agencies, leading research journals (Nature, Science, Proceedings of the US National Academy and the UK's Royal Society) and the news media (BBC, PBS, CBS, The New York Times, etc) into believing that
1.) Mankind can control NATURE, and
2.) We can ignore data and observations on NATURE.
The result: The USA is in decline. The misuse of science as a propaganda tool is dangerous.
[1] "Earth's Heat Source - The Sun", Energy & Environment 20 (2009) 131-144
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0905.0704
May 12, 2011
Rank: 2.2 / 5 (10)
May 12, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
May 12, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
You can believe anything you want. Without the benefit of a few million years to watch a cloud and collapse into a star, I would say that the current theory fits the evidence we have pretty well. A large portion of accepted theories are accepted because most intelligent people believe the theory makes the most sense out of the theories available.
Until you present evidence (FACTS) to the contrary, or provide a logical explanation that fits the facts better, you should stop complaining, and leave these deductions to the experts.. Do you find sherlock holmes novels to be utterly confusing as well?
May 12, 2011
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
P.S. For those of you who believe in the accretion theory, have you ever wondered how these clouds decide who gets to be a Sun or a Planet or a Moon? (This should have been a clue as to how and why this theory is so erroneous.)
May 13, 2011
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (7)
And your alternative theory? I'm sure you have one. Why not just say it?
Your 'argument' - if I may be so generous as to term it that - is very familiar; 'no one has ever personally observed x'. Usually, 'x' is replaced with 'evolution', or with 'abiogenesis', and the argument is one of the tired old horses ridden by the creationist gang.
Thus, I conjecture that your alternative 'theory' is: 'god did it'. Am I wrong?
May 13, 2011
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (5)
Yes, it is wrong to think that you know what other people are thinking.
May 13, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
You are right.
Misinformation about the formation of the Sun - Earth's heat source - is at the core of the ill-advised efforts by Al Gore, the UN's IPCC, and an army of government paid climatologists to claim that they can stop climate change.
Continuous climate change is recorded in the geologic record of this planet and in the evolution of life itself on the Earth's skin (biosphere).
With kind regards,
Oliver K. Manuel
May 13, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
Regardless; I never claimed knowledge, I hypothesised. His 'argument' is typical of deniers of science.
May 13, 2011
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
So a theory is true because a controlled group of people believe in it? And you call yourself a critic of religion?
May 13, 2011
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Straw man. I didn't say what I believed. Nor did I call myself anything. You posted a well-worn 'argument' which is very often used by creationists. I asked you to clarify your position... You object to the standard scientific model of stellar formation; I don't have a problem with that. What do you propose as the alternative?
May 13, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
Yes. That is how the herd instinct works in "wanna-be" scientists and a few not-too bright leaders of popular cosmology.
There is, in fact, no conflict between cosmology and spirituality [1]:
[1] "Is the Universe Expanding?"
The Journal of Cosmology 13, 4187-4190 (2011)
http://journalofc...102.html
- Oliver
May 13, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
And your hypothesis is typical of . . . (?)
May 13, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
My hypothesis that Johannes sports a creationist agenda? I don't know, Chester - you tell me. What is it typical of?
May 13, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
...I didn't even bring up religion, much less call myself a critic. Please, practice critical reading skills!!!
My point is that in a case like star formation, the intelligent deductions are the most likely to be right out of our pool of knowledge. They're not always going to be right, but this is the way we got the theory that we are made of atoms, newtons laws of gravity, the earth being round and orbiting the sun. I'd say this one is in league with a fairly good track record.
I am a critic of non-process non-empirical spiritual thinking trying to argue with scientific thinking. They are seperate things. if you don't believe in science, then why are you on a science site?
May 13, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
LOL
I'd like to ad a question for oliver on how his relationship with god affects his actions in his family and personal life. or does god only affect things in the scientific world for him and not the spiritual one?
@pauliemac - I think that critic of religion thing was aimed at me, because he was quoting my comment.
May 15, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
May 15, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
May 15, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
What's the explanation in your case? You have god on your side, but are definitely NOT intelligent. Is this proof that god makes mistakes! LOL
You're proof there is not god, because if there were one, he wouldn't have made a person so incredibly stupid he would go to science sites to preach religion.
May 15, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Please.
Science and spirituality do not conflict.
See: "Is the Universe Expanding?"
Journal of Cosmology 13 (2011) 4187-4190
http://journalofc...102.html
But dogmatic scientists and dogmatic religionists generate conflict with almost everyone.
With kind regards,
Oliver K. Manuel
May 17, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
He he yeah, just spotted that... Momentary failure of reading comprehension on my part, apologies!